Jhinwar

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== History == == History == The Jhinwar community has been traditionally associated with occupations of carrying water, boating, cooking and river fishing.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghuman |first=Mr Paul |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/British_Untouchables/iNahAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=British Untouchables: A Study of Dalit Identity and Education |date=2013-01-28 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4094-9431-7 |language=en |format=E-book |quote=consisting of jhir (water carriers)|pages=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schwartzberg |first=Joseph E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_g-_r-9Oa_sC&pg=PA96 |title=Structure and Change in Indian Society |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=2007 |isbn=9780202361383 |editor-last=Singer |editor-first=Milton |edition=Reprinted |language=en |chapter=Caste Regions of the North Indian Plain |orig-date=1968 |editor-last2=Cohn |editor-first2=Bernard S. |editor-link2=Bernard Cohn (anthropologist)|pages=96, 101|quote=Jhinwar (Water Carrier)}}</ref>''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Raj |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_Untouchables_Ancient_Me/e8o5HyC0-FUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jhinwar+peasant&pg=PA360&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-664-8 |pages=360 |language=en |quote=The Bhatyara is the baker and seller of ready-cooked food, who is found in all the caranaversaries in towns and encamping grounds. It has been believed that almost without exception, a Jhinwar by caste.}}</ref>''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shah |first=Pankaj |date=2013-04-06 |title=Political parties eye Lok Sabha polls, bank on boatmen to claim pole position |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Political-parties-eye-Lok-Sabha-polls-bank-on-boatmen-to-claim-pole-position/articleshow/19409283.cms |access-date=2026-04-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The Jhinwar community has been traditionally associated with occupations of carrying water, boating, cooking and river fishing.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghuman |first=Mr Paul |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/British_Untouchables/iNahAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=British Untouchables: A Study of Dalit Identity and Education |date=2013-01-28 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4094-9431-7 |language=en |format=E-book |quote=consisting of jhir (water carriers)|pages=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schwartzberg |first=Joseph E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_g-_r-9Oa_sC&pg=PA96 |title=Structure and Change in Indian Society |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=2007 |isbn=9780202361383 |editor-last=Singer |editor-first=Milton |edition=Reprinted |language=en |chapter=Caste Regions of the North Indian Plain |orig-date=1968 |editor-last2=Cohn |editor-first2=Bernard S. |editor-link2=Bernard Cohn (anthropologist)|pages=96, 101|quote=Jhinwar (Water Carrier)}}</ref>''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Raj |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_Untouchables_Ancient_Me/e8o5HyC0-FUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jhinwar+peasant&pg=PA360&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-664-8 |pages=360 |language=en |quote=1. The Bhatyara is the baker and seller of ready-cooked food, who is found in all the caranaversaries in towns and encamping grounds. It has been believed that almost without exception, a Jhinwar by caste. 2. Jhinwar, Machhi is the cook and midwife of Punjab Proper}}</ref>''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shah |first=Pankaj |date=2013-04-06 |title=Political parties eye Lok Sabha polls, bank on boatmen to claim pole position |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Political-parties-eye-Lok-Sabha-polls-bank-on-boatmen-to-claim-pole-position/articleshow/19409283.cms |access-date=2026-04-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In Pakistan, river fishermen belong to the Jhinwar community. Jhinwars have also been traditionally engaged in the occupations such as cooks, basket-makers, field labourers, woodcutters, [[Well|well-diggers]] and the women fulfilled the role as midwives.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |url=http://archive.org/details/historyofpakista0000unse |title=A history of Pakistan and its origins |date= |publisher=London : Anthem Press |others=Internet Archive |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-84331-030-3 |language=French |translator-last=Beaumont |translator-first=Gillian|pages=209,211}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Banga |first=Indu |url=https://books.google.ca/books?redir_esc=y&id=wzhuAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=jhiwar |title=Five Punjabi Centuries: Policy, Economy, Society, and Culture, C. 1500-1990 : Essays for J.S. Grewal |date=1997 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-175-4 |pages=426 |language=en}}</ref> In Pakistan, river fishermen belong to the Jhinwar community. Jhinwars have also been traditionally engaged in the occupations such as cooks, basket-makers, field labourers, woodcutters, [[Well|well-diggers]] and the women fulfilled the role as midwives.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |url=http://archive.org/details/historyofpakista0000unse |title=A history of Pakistan and its origins |date= |publisher=London : Anthem Press |others=Internet Archive |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-84331-030-3 |language=French |translator-last=Beaumont |translator-first=Gillian|pages=209,211}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Banga |first=Indu |url=https://books.google.ca/books?redir_esc=y&id=wzhuAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=jhiwar |title=Five Punjabi Centuries: Policy, Economy, Society, and Culture, C. 1500-1990 : Essays for J.S. Grewal |date=1997 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-175-4 |pages=426 |language=en}}</ref>