Added {{Notability}} tag
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|American dancer, singer, and actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{short description|American dancer, singer, and actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Notability|date=April 2026}}
'''Sandra Lynn Colton''' (born July 27, 1978) is an American dancer, singer, and
actress.
'''Sandra Lynn Colton''' (born July 27, 1978) is an American dancer, singer, and
actress.
cose
merging Early Islamic caliphates and Taliban into "Islamic use" section, and
adding the Khanate of Kokand
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 54: Line 54:
Its use may have expanded across continents (e.g., Portuguese chronicler
[[Gaspar Correia]], writing in the 1550s, claims that in 1502, an Indian ruler,
the [[Zamorin]] of [[Calicut]], dispatched negotiators bearing a "white cloth
tied to a stick", "as a sign of peace", to his enemy [[Vasco da
Gama]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=Gaspar |last1=Correia |author-link=Gaspar
Correia |title=Lendas da Índia |year=1858
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmVKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA300 |page=300
|quote=mandou hum seu Bramane em huma almadia com hum pano branco atado e um páu
per sinal de paz |publisher=Typ. da Academia Real das Sciencias |first2=Rodrigo
José |last2=de Lima Felner |volume=1}}</ref> In 1625, [[Hugo Grotius]] in ''[[De
jure belli ac pacis]]'' (On the Law of War and Peace), one of the foundational
texts in international law, recognized the white flag as a "sign, to which use
has given a signification"; it was "a tacit sign of demanding a parley, and
shall be as obligatory, as if expressed by words".<ref>{{cite book
|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/grotius-the-rights-of-war-and-peace-2005-ed-vol-3-book-iii
|first=Hugo |last=Grotius |author-link=Hugo Grotius |title=The Rights of War and
Peace |year=2005 |volume=3 |orig-year=1625 |via=[[Liberty Fund, Inc.]]
|editor-first=Jean |editor-last=Barbeyrac |editor-link=Jean Barbeyrac
|editor2-first=Richard |editor2-last=Tuck |editor2-link=Richard Tuck}}</ref>
Its use may have expanded across continents (e.g., Portuguese chronicler
[[Gaspar Correia]], writing in the 1550s, claims that in 1502, an Indian ruler,
the [[Zamorin]] of [[Calicut]], dispatched negotiators bearing a "white cloth
tied to a stick", "as a sign of peace", to his enemy [[Vasco da
Gama]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=Gaspar |last1=Correia |author-link=Gaspar
Correia |title=Lendas da Índia |year=1858
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmVKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA300 |page=300
|quote=mandou hum seu Bramane em huma almadia com hum pano branco atado e um páu
per sinal de paz |publisher=Typ. da Academia Real das Sciencias |first2=Rodrigo
José |last2=de Lima Felner |volume=1}}</ref> In 1625, [[Hugo Grotius]] in ''[[De
jure belli ac pacis]]'' (On the Law of War and Peace), one of the foundational
texts in international law, recognized the white flag as a "sign, to which use
has given a signification"; it was "a tacit sign of demanding a parley, and
shall be as obligatory, as if expressed by words".<ref>{{cite book
|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/grotius-the-rights-of-war-and-peace-2005-ed-vol-3-book-iii
|first=Hugo |last=Grotius |author-link=Hugo Grotius |title=The Rights of War and
Peace |year=2005 |volume=3 |orig-year=1625 |via=[[Liberty Fund, Inc.]]
|editor-first=Jean |editor-last=Barbeyrac |editor-link=Jean Barbeyrac
|editor2-first=Richard |editor2-last=Tuck |editor2-link=Richard Tuck}}</ref>
==Early Islamic caliphates==
==Islamic use==
The [[Umayyad dynasty]] (661–750) used white as their symbolic color as a
reminder of [[Muhammad]]'s first [[Battle of Badr|battle at Badr]].
The [[Umayyad dynasty]] (661–750) used white as their symbolic color as a
reminder of [[Muhammad]]'s first [[Battle of Badr|battle at Badr]].
The [[Alids]] and the [[Fatimid dynasty]] also used white in opposition to the
[[Abbasids]], who used black as their dynastic color.<ref>{{cite book | last =
Hathaway | first = Jane | title = A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and
Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen | location = Albany, New York | publisher =
State University of New York Press | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-7914-5883-9 |
url = {{Gbook|L-lPC7DgepEC|plainurl=y}} | page =97 | quote = The Ismaili Shi'ite
counter-caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color,
creating a visual contrast to the Abbasid enemy.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title
= The Oxford History of Islam | editor-last = Esposito | editor-first = John L.
| editor-link = John Esposito | location = Oxford | publisher = Oxford
University Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-19-510799-3 | first1 = Sheila S. |
last1 = Blair | first2 = Jonathan M. | last2 = Bloom | chapter = Art and
Architecture: Themes and Variations | pages = 215–267 | quote = ...white was
also the color associated with the Fatimid caliphs, the opponents of the
Abbasids.}}</ref> For the same reason, the color white was adopted by other
[[Shia]] regimes, like the [[Qarmatians]] of [[Eastern Arabia|Bahrayn]], and the
[[Zaydi]] rulers in [[Alavid dynasty|northern Iran]] and [[Rassid
dynasty|Yemen]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Ibn Khaldûn, The Muqaddimah. An
Introduction to History | edition = Second | volume = 2 | year = 1967 |
translator = [[Franz Rosenthal]] | publisher = Princeton University Press |
location = Princeton, NJ | isbn = 0-691-09797-6 | page = 51}}</ref>
The [[Alids]] and the [[Fatimid dynasty]] also used white in opposition to the
[[Abbasids]], who used black as their dynastic color.<ref>{{cite book | last =
Hathaway | first = Jane | title = A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and
Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen | location = Albany, New York | publisher =
State University of New York Press | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-7914-5883-9 |
url = {{Gbook|L-lPC7DgepEC|plainurl=y}} | page =97 | quote = The Ismaili Shi'ite
counter-caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color,
creating a visual contrast to the Abbasid enemy.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title
= The Oxford History of Islam | editor-last = Esposito | editor-first = John L.
| editor-link = John Esposito | location = Oxford | publisher = Oxford
University Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-19-510799-3 | first1 = Sheila S. |
last1 = Blair | first2 = Jonathan M. | last2 = Bloom | chapter = Art and
Architecture: Themes and Variations | pages = 215–267 | quote = ...white was
also the color associated with the Fatimid caliphs, the opponents of the
Abbasids.}}</ref> For the same reason, the color white was adopted by other
[[Shia]] regimes, like the [[Qarmatians]] of [[Eastern Arabia|Bahrayn]], and the
[[Zaydi]] rulers in [[Alavid dynasty|northern Iran]] and [[Rassid
dynasty|Yemen]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Ibn Khaldûn, The Muqaddimah. An
Introduction to History | edition = Second | volume = 2 | year = 1967 |
translator = [[Franz Rosenthal]] | publisher = Princeton University Press |
location = Princeton, NJ | isbn = 0-691-09797-6 | page = 51}}</ref>
The [[Sunni]] [[Khanate of Kokand]] (1709–1876) used a white banner.
⚫
[[File:Flag of the Taliban (Shahada v2).svg|thumb|[[Flag of Afghanistan]] under
[[Taliban]] ruling]]
⚫
The white flag was the official flag of the [[Taliban]]-ruled [[Islamic Emirate
of Afghanistan (1996-2001)|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] between September
1996 and October 1997.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Lohlker
|editor1-first=Rüdiger |title=Jihadism: Online Discourses and Representations
|series=Studying Jihadism |date=2013 |publisher=V & R unipress GmbH
|isbn=978-3-8471-0068-3 |page=44
|url=https://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/reader/10.14220/9783737000680
|access-date=24 April 2022 |format=PDF |quote=the Afghan Taliban used a plain
white flag between 1996 and 1997 and a white flag with the Islamic credo in
black letters from 1997 on until today. |doi=10.14220/9783737000680
|volume=2}}</ref> It is sometimes used as an unofficial variant of the [[Flag of
Afghanistan|current flag]] which includes the [[Shahada]] written in black on a
white field.
==Ancien Régime in France==
==Ancien Régime in France==
Line 86: Line 91:
{{main|Flag of Antarctica}}
{{main|Flag of Antarctica}}
In 1929, members of the [[British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research
Expedition]] on [[RRS Discovery|RRS ''Discovery'']] used white cotton sheeting
to improvise a [[Maritime flag#Courtesy flag|courtesy ensign]] (a flag used as a
token of respect by vessels while in foreign waters) for a continent without a
flag of its own. It is now in the [[National Maritime Museum]] in London. The
white flag was used to represent Antarctica on at least two occasions on the
voyage to Antarctica. On 1 August 1929, ''[[The Times]]'' noted that "the ship
was flying the [[Union Jack]] at her forepeak, the white Antarctic flag at the
foremast, and the [[Flag of Australia|Australian flag]] at the
stern."<ref>{{Cite web|title=White Flag of Antarctica - National Maritime
Museum|url=https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/895.html#:~:text=White%20Flag%20of%20Antarctica%20flown,no%20flag%20of%20its%20own.|access-date=26
October 2020|website=collections.rmg.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Savours
|first=Ann
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RrvgAwAAQBAJ&dq=The+ship+was+flying+the+Union+Jack+at+her+forepeak%2C+the+white+Antarctic+flag+at+the+foremast%2C+and+the+Australian+flag+at+the+stern&pg=PA132
|title=The Voyages of the Discovery: An Illustrated History of Scott's Ship
|date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-84832-702-3
|language=en}}</ref>
In 1929, members of the [[British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research
Expedition]] on [[RRS Discovery|RRS ''Discovery'']] used white cotton sheeting
to improvise a [[Maritime flag#Courtesy flag|courtesy ensign]] (a flag used as a
token of respect by vessels while in foreign waters) for a continent without a
flag of its own. It is now in the [[National Maritime Museum]] in London. The
white flag was used to represent Antarctica on at least two occasions on the
voyage to Antarctica. On 1 August 1929, ''[[The Times]]'' noted that "the ship
was flying the [[Union Jack]] at her forepeak, the white Antarctic flag at the
foremast, and the [[Flag of Australia|Australian flag]] at the
stern."<ref>{{Cite web|title=White Flag of Antarctica - National Maritime
Museum|url=https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/895.html#:~:text=White%20Flag%20of%20Antarctica%20flown,no%20flag%20of%20its%20own.|access-date=26
October 2020|website=collections.rmg.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Savours
|first=Ann
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RrvgAwAAQBAJ&dq=The+ship+was+flying+the+Union+Jack+at+her+forepeak%2C+the+white+Antarctic+flag+at+the+foremast%2C+and+the+Australian+flag+at+the+stern&pg=PA132
|title=The Voyages of the Discovery: An Illustrated History of Scott's Ship
|date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-84832-702-3
|language=en}}</ref>
==Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan==
⚫
[[File:Flag of the Taliban (Shahada v2).svg|thumb|[[Flag of Afghanistan]] under
[[Taliban]] ruling]]
⚫
The white flag was the official flag of the [[Taliban]]-ruled [[Islamic Emirate
of Afghanistan (1996-2001)|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] between September
1996 and October 1997.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Lohlker
|editor1-first=Rüdiger |title=Jihadism: Online Discourses and Representations
|series=Studying Jihadism |date=2013 |publisher=V & R unipress GmbH
|isbn=978-3-8471-0068-3 |page=44
|url=https://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/reader/10.14220/9783737000680
|access-date=24 April 2022 |format=PDF |quote=the Afghan Taliban used a plain
white flag between 1996 and 1997 and a white flag with the Islamic credo in
black letters from 1997 on until today. |doi=10.14220/9783737000680
|volume=2}}</ref> It is sometimes used as an unofficial variant of the [[Flag of
Afghanistan|current flag]] which includes the [[Shahada]] written in black on a
white field.
==See also==
==See also==
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 98: Line 98:
DStv also offers five packages of (Premium, Compact Plus, Compact, Family,
Access), on [[mobile app]] for [[mobile phone]] and [[tablet computer|tablet]]
devices, along with PC to control [[digital video recorder|DVRs]] and [[TV
Parental Guidelines|parental controls]] and allow access to recorded content and
[[video on demand]] services. The app was previously known as ''DStv Mobile''
until 2016 and ''DStv Now'' until 2020, with the app called DStv Stream as of
2023.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.dstv.com/en-za/buy/dstv-packages/dstv-stream/
DStv also offers five packages of (Premium, Compact Plus, Compact, Family,
Access), on [[mobile app]] for [[mobile phone]] and [[tablet computer|tablet]]
devices, along with PC to control [[digital video recorder|DVRs]] and [[TV
Parental Guidelines|parental controls]] and allow access to recorded content and
[[video on demand]] services. The app was previously known as ''DStv Mobile''
until 2016 and ''DStv Now'' until 2020, with the app called DStv Stream as of
2023.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.dstv.com/en-za/buy/dstv-packages/dstv-stream/
|title=The home of entertainment. Anywhere.|website=DStv|access-date=28 November
2025}}</ref>
|title=The home of entertainment. Anywhere.|website=DStv|access-date=28 November
2025}}</ref>
== Slogans ==
* TV that can turn you on! (1995–1998)
* Expand Your View (1998–2001)
* So much more (2001–2014)
* Feel every moment (2014–2023)
* The home of entertainment (2023–present)
==Controversies==
==Controversies==
wikilinks
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 32: Line 32:
"'''Ashes'''" is a song recorded by Canadian singer [[Celine Dion]] for the
[[soundtrack]] of the 2018 American [[superhero film]] ''[[Deadpool 2]]'', based
on the [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Deadpool]] and distributed by [[20th
Century Fox]]. It was written by [[Petey USA|Petey Martin]], [[Jordan Smith
(musician)|Jordan Smith]], and [[Tedd T.]], and produced by [[Steve Mac]], with
a remix version produced by [[Steve Aoki]]. The track was released as the lead
single from the film's [[Deadpool 2 (Original Motion Picture
Soundtrack)|soundtrack]] by [[Columbia Records]] on May 3, 2018, alongside its
music video. Critics responded positively, and the song reached number one on
the US [[Dance Club Songs]] chart, becoming Dion's third chart-topper there
after "[[Misled (Celine Dion song)|Misled]]" (July 1994) and "[[Taking Chances
(song)|Taking Chances]]" (February 2008).<ref name="DanceNumber1" />
"'''Ashes'''" is a song recorded by Canadian singer [[Celine Dion]] for the
[[soundtrack]] of the 2018 American [[superhero film]] ''[[Deadpool 2]]'', based
on the [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Deadpool]] and distributed by [[20th
Century Fox]]. It was written by [[Petey USA|Petey Martin]], [[Jordan Smith
(musician)|Jordan Smith]], and [[Tedd T.]], and produced by [[Steve Mac]], with
a remix version produced by [[Steve Aoki]]. The track was released as the lead
single from the film's [[Deadpool 2 (Original Motion Picture
Soundtrack)|soundtrack]] by [[Columbia Records]] on May 3, 2018, alongside its
music video. Critics responded positively, and the song reached number one on
the US [[Dance Club Songs]] chart, becoming Dion's third chart-topper there
after "[[Misled (Celine Dion song)|Misled]]" (July 1994) and "[[Taking Chances
(song)|Taking Chances]]" (February 2008).<ref name="DanceNumber1" />
Director [[David Leitch (director)|David Leitch]] sought an original song for
''Deadpool 2'' that could support the film's emotional core, and "Ashes" was the
result. He and actor-producer [[Ryan Reynolds]] invited Dion to record it, and
she accepted. The song was crafted to balance a satirical tone with its role as
the film's genuine emotional through-line. Leitch also directed the music video,
which includes Dion, Reynolds, and dancer [[Yanis Marshall]], who appears as
Deadpool in sequences where the character performs choreography in high heels.
Director [[David Leitch]] sought an original song for ''Deadpool 2'' that could
support the film's emotional core, and "Ashes" was the result. He and
actor-producer [[Ryan Reynolds]] invited Dion to record it, and she accepted.
The song was crafted to balance a satirical tone with its role as the film's
genuine emotional through-line. Leitch also directed the music video, which
includes Dion, Reynolds, and dancer [[Yanis Marshall]], who appears as Deadpool
in sequences where the character performs choreography in high heels.
In November 2019, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' reported that "Ashes"
had accumulated more than 64 million on-demand streams in the United States,
making it Dion's sixth most streamed track in the country.<ref>{{Cite magazine
|title=Celine Dion's Best-Selling Albums & Most-Streamed Songs: Ask Billboard
Mailbag
|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/celine-dion-best-selling-albums-most-streamed-songs-ask-billboard
|date=November 26, 2019 |access-date=July 6, 2020 |magazine=[[Billboard
(magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref>
In November 2019, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' reported that "Ashes"
had accumulated more than 64 million on-demand streams in the United States,
making it Dion's sixth most streamed track in the country.<ref>{{Cite magazine
|title=Celine Dion's Best-Selling Albums & Most-Streamed Songs: Ask Billboard
Mailbag
|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/celine-dion-best-selling-albums-most-streamed-songs-ask-billboard
|date=November 26, 2019 |access-date=July 6, 2020 |magazine=[[Billboard
(magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref>
== Background ==
== Background ==
During the development of ''[[Deadpool 2]]'', director [[David Leitch
(director)|David Leitch]] felt that maintaining the personal stakes of the first
film by centering the story on "an existential crisis and a deeply personal
cause" for Deadpool would be more compelling for audiences than shifting toward
global stakes.<ref name="NYTMay2018" /> As part of this approach, Leitch sought
an original song that could reflect these themes and act as an emotional
through-line for several characters, similar in spirit to "[[Take My Breath
Away]]" and "[[My Heart Will Go On]]".<ref name="EWBreakdown" /> The song plays
over the film's [[James Bond]]-style [[opening credits]].<ref name="BondCredits"
/>
During the development of ''[[Deadpool 2]]'', director [[David Leitch]] felt
that maintaining the personal stakes of the first film by centering the story on
"an existential crisis and a deeply personal cause" for Deadpool would be more
compelling for audiences than shifting toward global stakes.<ref
name="NYTMay2018" /> As part of this approach, Leitch sought an original song
that could reflect these themes and act as an emotional through-line for several
characters, similar in spirit to "[[Take My Breath Away]]" and "[[My Heart Will
Go On]]".<ref name="EWBreakdown" /> The song plays over the film's [[James
Bond]]-style [[opening credits]].<ref name="BondCredits" />
== Composition and recording ==
== Composition and recording ==
Line 53: Line 53:
Leitch and Reynolds wanted to create a music video to accompany the song. Leitch
was initially unsure about releasing it before the film, since he preferred that
audiences encounter the song for the first time during the movie, but he
ultimately felt it was important for marketing because it is "a central part of
the movie". Both he and Reynolds considered it essential to be directly involved
in shaping the video rather than handing it off to another director who might
not share their vision. Their concept centered on Dion delivering a sincere
performance while the video simultaneously plays with the irreverent tone
associated with Deadpool. Because of this, Leitch adjusted his schedule so he
could direct the video himself.<ref name="EWBreakdown" />
Leitch and Reynolds wanted to create a music video to accompany the song. Leitch
was initially unsure about releasing it before the film, since he preferred that
audiences encounter the song for the first time during the movie, but he
ultimately felt it was important for marketing because it is "a central part of
the movie". Both he and Reynolds considered it essential to be directly involved
in shaping the video rather than handing it off to another director who might
not share their vision. Their concept centered on Dion delivering a sincere
performance while the video simultaneously plays with the irreverent tone
associated with Deadpool. Because of this, Leitch adjusted his schedule so he
could direct the video himself.<ref name="EWBreakdown" />
Coming from an action background, Leitch described directing a music video as a
long-standing ambition. He brought in [[Jonathan Sela]], the cinematographer for
''Deadpool 2'', whose extensive work on music videos helped guide the process.
Leitch noted similarities between staging the choreography in the video and
staging action sequences for his films.<ref name="EWBreakdown" /> The video was
filmed in the [[The Colosseum at Caesars Palace|Colosseum at Caesars Palace]],
where Dion performs her Las Vegas residency shows,<ref
name="SoundtrackReleaseDate" /> with choreography by dancer Yanis Marshall.
Reynolds had wanted to involve Marshall in the ''Deadpool'' films for some time,
after being introduced by his wife [[Blake Lively]] to videos of Marshall
dancing in high heels. Marshall spent 12 hours performing in the Deadpool
costume and high heels for the video, later describing the costume as a
"nightmare" to dance in.<ref name="Marshall" /> Leitch said that Reynolds and
Dion were "Canadian icons" and enjoyed giving them a brief comedic exchange at
the end of the video, which the two devised together.<ref name="EWBreakdown" />
Coming from an action background, Leitch described directing a music video as a
long-standing ambition. He brought in [[Jonathan Sela]], the cinematographer for
''Deadpool 2'', whose extensive work on music videos helped guide the process.
Leitch noted similarities between staging the choreography in the video and
staging action sequences for his films.<ref name="EWBreakdown" /> The video was
filmed in the [[The Colosseum at Caesars Palace|Colosseum at Caesars Palace]],
where Dion performs her Las Vegas residency shows,<ref
name="SoundtrackReleaseDate" /> with choreography by dancer [[Yanis Marshall]].
Reynolds had wanted to involve Marshall in the ''Deadpool'' films for some time,
after being introduced by his wife [[Blake Lively]] to videos of Marshall
dancing in high heels. Marshall spent 12 hours performing in the Deadpool
costume and high heels for the video, later describing the costume as a
"nightmare" to dance in.<ref name="Marshall" /> Leitch said that Reynolds and
Dion were "Canadian icons" and enjoyed giving them a brief comedic exchange at
the end of the video, which the two devised together.<ref name="EWBreakdown" />
== Remixes ==
== Remixes ==
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 10: Line 10:
[[Siargao]] is a tear-drop shaped island in the [[Philippine Sea]] situated 196
kilometers southeast of [[Tacloban]]. It has a land area of approximately 437
square kilometres (169 sq mi). The island is within the jurisdiction of the
province of [[Surigao del Norte]] in the mainland [[Mindanao]] and is composed
of [[Municipalities of the Philippines|municipalities]] of [[Burgos, Surigao del
Norte|Burgos]], [[Dapa, Surigao del Norte|Dapa]], [[Del Carmen, Surigao del
Norte|Del Carmen]], [[General Luna, Surigao del Norte|General Luna]], [[San
Benito, Surigao del Norte|San Benito]], [[Pilar, Surigao del Norte|Pilar]],
[[San Isidro, Surigao del Norte|San Isidro]], [[Santa Monica, Surigao del
Norte|Santa Monica]] and [[Socorro, Surigao del Norte|Socorro]].
[[Siargao]] is a tear-drop shaped island in the [[Philippine Sea]] situated 196
kilometers southeast of [[Tacloban]]. It has a land area of approximately 437
square kilometres (169 sq mi). The island is within the jurisdiction of the
province of [[Surigao del Norte]] in the mainland [[Mindanao]] and is composed
of [[Municipalities of the Philippines|municipalities]] of [[Burgos, Surigao del
Norte|Burgos]], [[Dapa, Surigao del Norte|Dapa]], [[Del Carmen, Surigao del
Norte|Del Carmen]], [[General Luna, Surigao del Norte|General Luna]], [[San
Benito, Surigao del Norte|San Benito]], [[Pilar, Surigao del Norte|Pilar]],
[[San Isidro, Surigao del Norte|San Isidro]], [[Santa Monica, Surigao del
Norte|Santa Monica]] and [[Socorro, Surigao del Norte|Socorro]].
Siargao is known as the surfing capital of the Philippines, and was voted the
Best Island in Asia in the 2021 Conde Nast Travelers Readers awards. Siargao is
a famous tourist destination, well known for its many surfing spots and featured
in the film ''[[Siargao (film)|Siargao]]'' for such qualities. Surfing is so
ingrained in the identity of Siargao, that in 2022, two political families from
Surigao Del Norte traded barbs over the cancellation of a national surfing
competition hosted on the island.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Siargao
surfing mess brings spotlight on rift between Barbers, Matugas political
families
|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/mindanao/siargao-surfing-mess-brings-spotlight-barbers-matugas-political-families/
|access-date=2023-07-10 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref>
Siargao is known as the surfing capital of the Philippines, and was voted the
Best Island in Asia in the 2021 Conde Nast Travelers Readers awards. Siargao is
a famous tourist destination, well known for its many surfing spots and featured
in the film ''[[Siargao (film)|Siargao]]'' for such qualities. Surfing is so
ingrained in the identity of Siargao, that in 2022, two political families from
Surigao Del Norte traded barbs over the cancellation of a national surfing
competition hosted on the island.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Siargao
surfing mess brings spotlight on rift between Barbers, Matugas political
families
|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/mindanao/siargao-surfing-mess-brings-spotlight-barbers-matugas-political-families/
|access-date=2023-07-10 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Siargao
recorded 529,822 tourist arrivals in 2023 alone, including about 54,000
international visitors and more than 476,000 domestic guests.<ref name="ref1"/>
Following the end of the [[Twelve-Day War]], outbound travel from Israel
recovered rapidly. According to [[Ben Gurion Airport]] Authority, 1.1 million
Israelis traveled abroad in May and June 2025. The growth is linked to the
return of international carriers to Israel. The ceasefire with [[Hezbollah]] on
the [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] border in November 2024 and the temporary truce in
[[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] in January 2025 helped stabilize air travel and boost
demand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=Where Israelis Are Traveling:
Tourist Flows Gain Momentum
|url=https://internationalinvestment.biz/en/tourism/6038-where-israelis-are-traveling-tourist-flows-gain-momentum.html
|access-date=2026-04-12 |website=International Private Investment
|language=en-US}}</ref>
Following the end of the [[Twelve-Day War]], outbound travel from Israel
recovered rapidly. According to [[Ben Gurion Airport]] Authority, 1.1 million
Israelis traveled abroad in May and June 2025. The growth is linked to the
return of international carriers to Israel. The ceasefire with [[Hezbollah]] on
the [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] border in November 2024 and the temporary truce in
[[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] in January 2025 helped stabilize air travel and boost
demand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=Where Israelis Are Traveling:
Tourist Flows Gain Momentum
|url=https://internationalinvestment.biz/en/tourism/6038-where-israelis-are-traveling-tourist-flows-gain-momentum.html
|access-date=2026-04-12 |website=International Private Investment
|language=en-US}}</ref>
Line 16: Line 16:
== Concerns ==
== Concerns ==
A petition was filed against plans to construct a [[Chabad house]] citing
"zoning, absence of community approval, risk of cultural erosion and safety and
security and rampant misconduct by Israeli tourists". Said petition was backed
by the [[Philippine Independent Church]] and the [[United Church of Christ in
the Philippines|United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP)]]. These
concerns have led to renewed scrutiny over Israel–Philippines relations and the
role of Israel in the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]].<ref name="ref1"/><ref
name="ref2"/><ref name="ref3">{{cite news |title=Locals fight back against
growing Zionism in Siargao
|url=https://www.bulatlat.com/2025/07/27/locals-fight-back-against-growing-zionism-in-siargao/
|access-date=24 Oct 2025 |work=Bulatlat |date=10 Aug 2025
|archive-date=September 8, 2025
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250908120532/https://www.bulatlat.com/2025/07/27/locals-fight-back-against-growing-zionism-in-siargao/
|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>
A petition was filed against plans to construct a [[Chabad house]] citing
"zoning, absence of community approval, risk of cultural erosion and safety and
security and rampant misconduct by Israeli tourists". Said petition was backed
by the [[Philippine Independent Church]] and the [[United Church of Christ in
the Philippines|United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP)]]. These
concerns have led to renewed scrutiny over Israel–Philippines relations and the
role of Israel in the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]].<ref name="ref1"/><ref
name="ref2"/><ref name="ref3">{{cite news |title=Locals fight back against
growing Zionism in Siargao
|url=https://www.bulatlat.com/2025/07/27/locals-fight-back-against-growing-zionism-in-siargao/
|access-date=24 Oct 2025 |work=Bulatlat |date=10 Aug 2025
|archive-date=September 8, 2025
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250908120532/https://www.bulatlat.com/2025/07/27/locals-fight-back-against-growing-zionism-in-siargao/
|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>
On September 14, 2025, residents and allied groups held a peaceful one-kilometer
solidarity walk at Sunset Bridge in [[General Luna, Surigao del Norte]] to
accentuate their resistance to what they called the ‘[[settler colonization]]’
of Siargao.<ref name="ref1/>
On September 14, 2025, residents and allied groups held a peaceful one-kilometer
solidarity walk at Sunset Bridge in [[General Luna, Surigao del Norte]] to
accentuate their resistance to what they called the ‘[[settler colonization]]’
of Siargao.<ref name="ref1/>
Updating data template (2 statements over, 7 statements within 10%, 64 total
statements, 10 pending requests) (task 1, exempt)
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 141: Line 141:
| Koshuri Sultan = {{#switch: {{{user}}}
| Koshuri Sultan = {{#switch: {{{user}}}
| The Violet Warrior = {{#switch: {{{type}}}
| The Violet Warrior = {{#switch: {{{type}}}
| words = 47
| words = 107
| uncollapsed = 51
| uncollapsed = 119
| limit = 500
| limit = 500
| status = ok
| status = ok
Wait actually it's 22.8 according to the source
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 39: Line 39:
| albedo = 0.124 ?<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of known trans-Neptunian objects
|url=https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html
|access-date=2026-01-14
|website=www.johnstonsarchive.net}}</ref>{{efn|''Johnston's archive'' usually
estimates an albedo of 0.124 for scattered disc objects like {{mp|2021 DR|15}}}}
| albedo = 0.124 ?<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of known trans-Neptunian objects
|url=https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html
|access-date=2026-01-14
|website=www.johnstonsarchive.net}}</ref>{{efn|''Johnston's archive'' usually
estimates an albedo of 0.124 for scattered disc objects like {{mp|2021 DR|15}}}}
| spectral_type =
| spectral_type =
| magnitude = 23.2<ref name="MPEC-2021-Y28"/>
| magnitude = 22.8 {{small|(at the time of its discovery)}}<ref
name="MPEC-2021-Y28"/>
| abs_magnitude = {{val|3.61|0.15}}<ref name="jpldata"/>
| abs_magnitude = {{val|3.61|0.15}}<ref name="jpldata"/>
}}
}}
Line 61: Line 61:
=== Observations ===
=== Observations ===
It was 89.4 [[astronomical units]] (AU) from the Sun when it was discovered,
making it the [[List of Solar System objects most distant from the
Sun|ninth-most distant known Solar System object from the Sun]] {{as of|December
2021|lc=y}}.<ref name="MPC-CEN-SDO-list"/> At the time of its discovery,
{{mp|2021 DR|15}} had an apparent magnitude of 23.2 in the R-band.<ref
name="MPEC-2021-Y28"/>
It was 89.4 [[astronomical units]] (AU) from the Sun when it was discovered,
making it the [[List of Solar System objects most distant from the
Sun|ninth-most distant known Solar System object from the Sun]] {{as of|December
2021|lc=y}}.<ref name="MPC-CEN-SDO-list"/> At the time of its discovery,
{{mp|2021 DR|15}} had an apparent magnitude of 22.8 in the R-band.<ref
name="MPEC-2021-Y28"/>
=== Naming and Numbering ===
=== Naming and Numbering ===
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 21: Line 21:
==Early life==
==Early life==
Padilla's father is General Ricardo Ilagan Padilla, a former regional director
of [[Regions of the Philippines|Region 4]] [[Calabarzon]] and the incumbent
Mayor of [[Bongabon, Nueva Ecija]]. Her mother is a businesswoman and a former
dancer and singer.<ref name="Erika Padilla Star Magic Batch 16"/><ref
name="FHM"/>
Padilla's father is General Ricardo Ilagan Padilla, a former regional director
of [[Regions of the Philippines|Region 4]] [[Calabarzon]] and the incumbent
Mayor of [[Bongabon, Nueva Ecija]]. Her mother is a businesswoman and a former
dancer and singer.<ref name="Erika Padilla Star Magic Batch 16"/><ref
name="FHM"/>
She attended the [[Ateneo de Manila University]] where he obtained a degree in
poltiical science.<ref name="Erika Padilla Star Magic Batch 16"/>
==Career==
==Career==
Line 265: Line 267:
<ref name="Coney Adopts">{{cite web | url =
https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2011/12/22/760610/coney-adopts-baby-christmas
| title = Coney Adopts a Baby this Christmas| publisher = [[The Philippine
Star]] | date = 22 December 2011 | accessdate = 6 November 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="Coney Adopts">{{cite web | url =
https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2011/12/22/760610/coney-adopts-baby-christmas
| title = Coney Adopts a Baby this Christmas| publisher = [[The Philippine
Star]] | date = 22 December 2011 | accessdate = 6 November 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="Erika Padilla Star Magic Batch 16">{{cite news | url =
https://www.pep.ph/news/19007/meet-two-more-members-of-star-magic-batch-16 |
title = Meet Two More Members of Star Magic Batch 16 |work=Philippine
Entertainment Portal| author = Bonifacio, Julie | date = 8 September 2008 |
access-date = 19 January 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Erika Padilla Star Magic Batch 16">{{cite news | url =
https://www.pep.ph/news/19007/meet-two-more-members-of-star-magic-batch-16 |
title = Meet Two More Members of Star Magic Batch 16 |work=Philippine
Entertainment Portal| author = Bonifacio, Julie | date = 8 September 2008 |
access-date = 19 January 2010|language=fil}}</ref>
<ref name="20 New Hopefuls">{{cite news | url =
http://www.pep.ph/news/18995/Star-Magic-introduces-20-new-showbiz-hopefuls/3 |
title = Star-Magic Introduces 20 New Showbiz Hopefuls | work = Philippine
Entertainment Portal | author = Erece, Dino | date = 3 August 2008 | access-date
= 12 September 2009 | archive-date = 15 September 2008 | archive-url =
https://web.archive.org/web/20080915070840/http://www.pep.ph/news/18995/Star-Magic-introduces-20-new-showbiz-hopefuls/3
| url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="20 New Hopefuls">{{cite news | url =
http://www.pep.ph/news/18995/Star-Magic-introduces-20-new-showbiz-hopefuls/3 |
title = Star-Magic Introduces 20 New Showbiz Hopefuls | work = Philippine
Entertainment Portal | author = Erece, Dino | date = 3 August 2008 | access-date
= 12 September 2009 | archive-date = 15 September 2008 | archive-url =
https://web.archive.org/web/20080915070840/http://www.pep.ph/news/18995/Star-Magic-introduces-20-new-showbiz-hopefuls/3
| url-status = dead }}</ref>
Added sourced info
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 23: Line 23:
}}
}}
[[File:Buddhist Temple at Maheshkhali Island.jpg|thumb|Buddhist temple on
[[Maheshkhali Island]]]]
[[File:Buddhist Temple at Maheshkhali Island.jpg|thumb|Buddhist temple on
[[Maheshkhali Island]]]]
The '''Barua''' ({{langx|ctg|বড়ুয়া|Boṛua}}; {{langx|rki|မရမာကြီး}}) are a Magh
ethnic group<ref name=":1"/> who live in [[Chittagong Division]] in Bangladesh,
[[West Bengal]] in India, and [[Rakhine State]] in Myanmar, where they are known
as the '''Maramagyi''' or '''Maramagri''', or particularly the '''Magh
Barua'''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzEOKNPsv2EC
|title=Peoples of the Buddhist World: A Christian Prayer Diary
|isbn=9780878083619 |last1=Hattaway |first1=Paul |year=2004|publisher=William
Carey Library }}</ref> According to [[Rakhine people|Arakanese]] chronology, the
Barua Buddhists have lived in Myanmar for over 5,000 years.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/bangladesh-txt.htm
|title=Buddhist Studies: Theravada Buddhism, Bangladesh |access-date=17 October
2006 |archive-date=24 March 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324223557/http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/bangladesh-txt.htm
|url-status=dead }}</ref> In Myanmar, '''Barua Maghs''' are classified as one of
the seven ethnic groups that make up the [[Rakhine people|Rakhine]] ethnic
group. In [[West Bengal]] (India), the Baruas are known as '''Magh''' and are
recognised as [[Scheduled Tribe]] (ST).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Majumdar
|first=Arup |date=2025 |title=Tribal Education and Gender Gap: A Study of the
Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal
|url=https://www.arfjournals.com/image/catalog/Journals%20Papers/SCDI/2025/No%201%20(2025)/3_Arup%20Majumder.pdf
|journal=Society and Culture Development in India |volume=5
|pages=39–50}}</ref><ref name="SAA">{{Cite journal |last=Chatterjee
|first=Aparna |date=2020 |title=Following the Migration Trajectory: Exploring
the Ambivalent Origin of Theravadi Buddhists of North Bengal
|url=https://www.arfjournals.com/image/catalog/Journals%20Papers/SAAN/2020/No%201%20(202)/7-APARNA%20CHATTERJEE.pdf
|journal=South Asian Anthropologist |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=62–3}}</ref> Magh
is the general term used for Buddhists in the region.<ref>{{Cite web
|last=Chatterjee |first=Aparna |title=Following the Migration Trajectory:
Exploring the Ambivalent Origin of Theravadi Buddhists of North Bengal
|url=https://www.arfjournals.com/image/catalog/Journals%20Papers/SAAN/2020/No%201%20(202)/7-APARNA%20CHATTERJEE.pdf
}}</ref>
The '''Barua''' ({{langx|ctg|বড়ুয়া|Boṛua}}; {{langx|rki|မရမာကြီး}}) are a Magh
ethnic group<ref name=":1"/> who live in [[Chittagong Division]] in Bangladesh,
[[West Bengal]] in India, and [[Rakhine State]] in Myanmar, where they are known
as the '''Maramagyi''' or '''Maramagri''', or particularly the '''Magh
Barua'''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzEOKNPsv2EC
|title=Peoples of the Buddhist World: A Christian Prayer Diary
|isbn=9780878083619 |last1=Hattaway |first1=Paul |year=2004|publisher=William
Carey Library }}</ref> According to [[Rakhine people|Arakanese]] chronology, the
Barua Buddhists have lived in Myanmar for over 5,000 years.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/bangladesh-txt.htm
|title=Buddhist Studies: Theravada Buddhism, Bangladesh |access-date=17 October
2006 |archive-date=24 March 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324223557/http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/bangladesh-txt.htm
|url-status=dead }}</ref> In Myanmar, '''Barua Maghs''' are classified as one of
the seven ethnic groups that make up the [[Rakhine people|Rakhine]] ethnic
group. In [[West Bengal]] (India), the Baruas are known as '''Magh''' and are
recognised as [[Scheduled Tribe]] (ST).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Majumdar
|first=Arup |date=2025 |title=Tribal Education and Gender Gap: A Study of the
Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal
|url=https://www.arfjournals.com/image/catalog/Journals%20Papers/SCDI/2025/No%201%20(2025)/3_Arup%20Majumder.pdf
|journal=Society and Culture Development in India |volume=5
|pages=39–50}}</ref><ref name="SAA">{{Cite journal |last=Chatterjee
|first=Aparna |date=2020 |title=Following the Migration Trajectory: Exploring
the Ambivalent Origin of Theravadi Buddhists of North Bengal
|url=https://www.arfjournals.com/image/catalog/Journals%20Papers/SAAN/2020/No%201%20(202)/7-APARNA%20CHATTERJEE.pdf
|journal=South Asian Anthropologist |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=62–3}}</ref> Magh
is the general term used for Buddhists in the region.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web
|last=Chatterjee |first=Aparna |title=Following the Migration Trajectory:
Exploring the Ambivalent Origin of Theravadi Buddhists of North Bengal
|url=https://www.arfjournals.com/image/catalog/Journals%20Papers/SAAN/2020/No%201%20(202)/7-APARNA%20CHATTERJEE.pdf
}}</ref>
== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
Line 80: Line 80:
[[Anagarika Dharmapala]] visited Chittagong in 1917, where he influenced a
9-year-old boy, who later became the well-known Pali scholar Prof. Dwijendra Lal
Barua.<ref>Sugat Barua, *The Maha Bodhi*, 1891–1991, Volumes 98–99; Maha-Bodhi
Society, p. 307</ref>[[File:Dipa Ma IMS.png|thumb|right|[[Dipa Ma]], a prominent
Buddhist master in Asia of Barua descent.]]
[[File:Barua_Maghs_reading_religious_Buddhist_Scriptures.pdf|thumb|Religious
Barua Magh Buddhist Scriptures]]
[[Anagarika Dharmapala]] visited Chittagong in 1917, where he influenced a
9-year-old boy, who later became the well-known Pali scholar Prof. Dwijendra Lal
Barua.<ref>Sugat Barua, *The Maha Bodhi*, 1891–1991, Volumes 98–99; Maha-Bodhi
Society, p. 307</ref>[[File:Dipa Ma IMS.png|thumb|right|[[Dipa Ma]], a prominent
Buddhist master in Asia of Barua descent.]]
[[File:Barua_Maghs_reading_religious_Buddhist_Scriptures.pdf|thumb|Religious
Barua Magh Buddhist Scriptures]]
== Present status ==
The Barua people are called Maramagyi or Maramagri in Myanmar. They are
considered a subgroup of the Rakhine people (also known as Marma in Bangladesh)
under Myanmar's 1982 ethnicity law.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of the Union
of Myanmar, Brussels |url=https://www.embassyofmyanmar.be/ABOUT/ethnicgroups.htm
|access-date=2026-04-12 |website=www.embassyofmyanmar.be}}</ref>In West Bengal,
India, Baruas are considered as Magh tribe.<ref name=":2" />
== Notable Barua ==
== Notable Barua ==
WikiProject tagging
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 1: Line 1:
{{WikiProject banner shell|class=stub|blp=y|listas=Tirandaz, Sima|1=
{{WikiProject banner shell|class=stub|blp=y|listas=Tirandaz, Sima|1=
{{WikiProject Biography|filmbio-work-group=yes}}
{{WikiProject Biography|filmbio-work-group=yes}}
{{WikiProject Iran}}
{{WikiProject Women}}
{{WikiProject Women}}
}}
}}
Affiliation to Princeton University cannot be verified.
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 36: Line 36:
}}
}}
'''''Modern China Studies''''' ([[traditional Chinese]]: 當代中國研究; [[simplified
Chinese]]: 当代中国研究<ref>{{cite web|title=Editor-in-Chief Cheng Xiaonong introduces
the 100th issue of the Journal of Modern China
Studies|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actucn/articles/100/article_6888.asp|date=Apr 11,
2008|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]]}}</ref>), abbreviated as
'''MCS''',<ref name="Caust2015">{{cite book|author=Jo Caust|title=Arts and
Cultural Leadership in
Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0PEjCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=8 May
2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-59922-7|pages=57–}}</ref> also
translated into English as '''''Contemporary China Studies''''',<ref
name="Tong2015">{{cite book|author=J. Tong|title=Investigative Journalism,
Environmental Problems and Modernisation in
China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3r2_BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT235|date=4 March
2015|publisher=[[Springer
Nature|Springer]]|isbn=978-1-137-40667-5|pages=235–}}</ref> is a [[United
States]]-based<ref>{{cite book|title=Human and human
rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAYkAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=[[Human
Rights in China (organization)|Human Rights in China]]}}</ref> [[peer-reviewed]]
international [[Academic journal|journal]] focusing on discussing contemporary
issues and current affairs in the [[People's Republic of China]],<ref
name="WuLansdowne2013">{{cite book|author1=Guoguang Wu|author2=Helen
Lansdowne|title=Zhao Ziyang and China's Political
Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qq4jWXZJNacC&pg=PR7|date=13 May
2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-134-03882-4|pages=7–}}</ref> published
biannually featuring articles in either [[Chinese language|Chinese]] or
[[English language|English]]. It is owned and published by the [[Center on
Contemporary China]] (当代中国研究中心) at [[Princeton University]].<ref name="Zhu
Yongxin 2004">{{cite book|author=Ju Yongxin|title=Reflections and Lessons: A
Review of Chinese and Foreign
Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BbtKAQAAIAAJ|year=2004|
publisher=People's Education Press|isbn=978-7-107-17420-9|pages=301–}}</ref>
'''''Modern China Studies''''' ([[traditional Chinese]]: 當代中國研究; [[simplified
Chinese]]: 当代中国研究<ref>{{cite web|title=Editor-in-Chief Cheng Xiaonong introduces
the 100th issue of the Journal of Modern China
Studies|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actucn/articles/100/article_6888.asp|date=Apr 11,
2008|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]]}}</ref>), abbreviated as
'''MCS''',<ref name="Caust2015">{{cite book|author=Jo Caust|title=Arts and
Cultural Leadership in
Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0PEjCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=8 May
2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-59922-7|pages=57–}}</ref> also
translated into English as '''''Contemporary China Studies''''',<ref
name="Tong2015">{{cite book|author=J. Tong|title=Investigative Journalism,
Environmental Problems and Modernisation in
China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3r2_BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT235|date=4 March
2015|publisher=[[Springer
Nature|Springer]]|isbn=978-1-137-40667-5|pages=235–}}</ref> is a [[United
States]]-based<ref>{{cite book|title=Human and human
rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAYkAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=[[Human
Rights in China (organization)|Human Rights in China]]}}</ref> [[peer-reviewed]]
international [[Academic journal|journal]] focusing on discussing contemporary
issues and current affairs in the [[People's Republic of China]],<ref
name="WuLansdowne2013">{{cite book|author1=Guoguang Wu|author2=Helen
Lansdowne|title=Zhao Ziyang and China's Political
Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qq4jWXZJNacC&pg=PR7|date=13 May
2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-134-03882-4|pages=7–}}</ref> published
biannually featuring articles in either [[Chinese language|Chinese]] or
[[English language|English]]. The journal is based in Princeton, New Jersey.
''Modern China Studies'' was founded by [[Shaomin Li]] (李少民) in 1990<ref
name="AlonMcIntyre2008">{{cite book|author1=Ilan Alon|author2=John R.
McIntyre|title=Globalization of Chinese
Enterprises|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGe7AAAAIAAJ|date=15 January
2008|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-0-230-51562-8 |page=XXVII}}</ref>
in Princeton University,<ref name="GolleyJaivin2017">{{cite book|author1=Jane
Golley|author2=Linda Jaivin|author3=Luigi Tomba|title=Control: China Story
Yearbook 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pb4uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|date=5
June 2017|publisher=[[ANU Press]]|isbn=978-1-76046-120-1|pages=128–}}</ref> its
content mainly covers the fields of [[politics]], [[economy]], [[law]],
[[society]], [[culture]], [[international relations]], [[environmental
protection]], [[modern history]] and [[humanities]]. Submissions to the journal
will undergo a [[double-blind]] peer-review process.<ref>{{cite
web|title=Introduction to Modern China
Studies|url=https://www.modernchinastudies.org/cn.html|accessdate=2020-09-20|publisher=Modern
China Studies}}</ref>
''Modern China Studies'' was founded by [[Shaomin Li]] (李少民) in 1990<ref
name="AlonMcIntyre2008">{{cite book|author1=Ilan Alon|author2=John R.
McIntyre|title=Globalization of Chinese
Enterprises|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGe7AAAAIAAJ|date=15 January
2008|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-0-230-51562-8 |page=XXVII}}</ref>
in Princeton University,<ref name="GolleyJaivin2017">{{cite book|author1=Jane
Golley|author2=Linda Jaivin|author3=Luigi Tomba|title=Control: China Story
Yearbook 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pb4uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|date=5
June 2017|publisher=[[ANU Press]]|isbn=978-1-76046-120-1|pages=128–}}</ref> its
content mainly covers the fields of [[politics]], [[economy]], [[law]],
[[society]], [[culture]], [[international relations]], [[environmental
protection]], [[modern history]] and [[humanities]]. Submissions to the journal
will undergo a [[double-blind]] peer-review process.<ref>{{cite
web|title=Introduction to Modern China
Studies|url=https://www.modernchinastudies.org/cn.html|accessdate=2020-09-20|publisher=Modern
China Studies}}</ref>
Line 47: Line 47:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Princeton University publications]]
[[Category:Chinese studies journals]]
[[Category:Chinese studies journals]]
[[Category:Multilingual journals]]
[[Category:Multilingual journals]]
Domestic violence and sexual abuse: Fixed grammar
← Previous revision Revision as of 09:27, 12 April 2026 Line 10: Line 10:
Sexual violence may occur without physical violence.<ref>Hakimi M et al. Silence
for the sake of harmony: domestic violence and women's health in central Java.
Yogyakarta, Gadjah Mada University, 2001.</ref> In the Indian state of [[Uttar
Pradesh]], in a representative sample of over 6000 men, 7% reported having
sexually and physically abused their wives, 22% reported using sexual violence
without physical violence and 17% reported that they had used physical violence
alone.<ref>Martin SL et al. Sexual behaviour and reproductive health outcomes:
associations with wife abuse in India. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 1999, 282:1967–1972.</ref>
Sexual violence may occur without physical violence.<ref>Hakimi M et al. Silence
for the sake of harmony: domestic violence and women's health in central Java.
Yogyakarta, Gadjah Mada University, 2001.</ref> In the Indian state of [[Uttar
Pradesh]], in a representative sample of over 6000 men, 7% reported having
sexually and physically abused their wives, 22% reported using sexual violence
without physical violence and 17% reported that they had used physical violence
alone.<ref>Martin SL et al. Sexual behaviour and reproductive health outcomes:
associations with wife abuse in India. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 1999, 282:1967–1972.</ref>
The percentage of women who are victims of physical and/or sexual violence by an
intimate partner is around thirty.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facts and figures:
Ending violence against
women|url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures|access-date=2020-10-09|website=UN
Women|language=en}}</ref>
Around 30% of women are victims of physical and/or sexual violence by an
intimate partner.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facts and figures: Ending violence
against
women|url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures|access-date=2020-10-09|website=UN
Women|language=en}}</ref>
== Types of coercion ==
== Types of coercion ==