Cheema (clan)
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← Previous revision Revision as of 22:14, 30 April 2026 Line 2: Line 2: {{Use Pakistani English|date=May 2022}} {{Use Pakistani English|date=May 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} {{Infobox tribe | name = Cheema | local name = {{nq|چیمہ}} | type = [[Clan]] | ethnicity = [[Punjabis]] | location = [[Rachna Doab]] ([[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]) | parent_tribe = [[Jats]] | language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Majhi dialect]]) }} ⚫ '''Cheema''' (also spelled '''Chima'''){{NoteTag|{{langx|pa|ਚੀਮਾ {{small|([[Gurmukhi]])}}, {{nq|چیمہ}} {{small|([[Shahmukhi]])}}}}}} is a very politically influential<ref name="Grewal Banga 1997 p.408 "/><ref name="Jones 2003 p.366-7 ">{{cite book | last=Jones | first=P.E. | title=The Pakistan People's Party: Rise to Power | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-19-579966-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xliNAAAAMAAJ | pages=366–367}}</ref> [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Jats|Jat]] clan<ref name="Gupta 1999 p. 232 ">{{cite book | last=Gupta | first=Hari Ram |author-link=Hari Ram Gupta| title=History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh confederacies, 1708–1769 | date=1999 | isbn=978-81-215-0248-1 | page=232}}</ref> concentrated in the [[Rachna Doab]],<ref name="Grewal Banga 1997 p.408 ">{{cite book | last=Grewal | first=J.S. | last2=Banga | first2=I. | title=Five Punjabi Centuries: Policy, Economy, Society, and Culture, C. 1500-1990 : Essays for J.S. Grewal | via=University of Michigan Library (digitized 3 September 2008) | year=1997 | isbn=978-81-7304-175-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzhuAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Chattha+ | page=408|quote="In the Rachna Doab there were Jat clans like Chhinna, Bajwa, Cheema, and Chattha..."}}</ref> particularly around the historical [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]] and [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]] districts of [[Punjab, Pakistan]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=Journal of Regional History, Volume 2 |year=1981|pages=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-ptAAAAMAAJ&q=+Jat+Cheema}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=0-19-563357-1 |edition=Illustrated |series=People of India: National series |volume=8 |location=Delhi |pages=1355–1357 |chapter=Appendix B |oclc=35662663}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/the_people|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2018|access-date=14 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405090525/https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/the_people|title=The People of Jhelum District - Jat Clans|website=Government of Punjab website}}</ref> It is one of the largest [[Jat tribe|Jat tribes]]. The Cheema are predominantly [[Muslims|Muslim]], with conversions traditionally attributed to the periods of [[Feroz Shah]] and [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Rose |first=H. A. (Horace Arthur) |url=http://archive.org/details/glossaryoftribes03rose |title=A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West frontier province |last2=Ibbetson |first2=Denzil |last3=Maclagan |first3=Edward Douglas |date=1911 |publisher=Lahore : Printed by the superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab |others=University of California Libraries |pages=171}}</ref>⚫ '''Cheema''' (also spelled '''Chima'''){{NoteTag|{{langx|pa|ਚੀਮਾ {{small|([[Gurmukhi]])}}, {{nq|چیمہ}} {{small|([[Shahmukhi]])}}}}}} is a very politically influential<ref name="Grewal Banga 1997 p.408 "/><ref name="Jones 2003 p.366-7 ">{{cite book | last=Jones | first=P.E. | title=The Pakistan People's Party: Rise to Power | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-19-579966-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xliNAAAAMAAJ | pages=366–367}}</ref> [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Jats|Jat]] clan<ref name="Gupta 1999 p. 232 ">{{cite book | last=Gupta | first=Hari Ram |author-link=Hari Ram Gupta| title=History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh confederacies, 1708–1769 | date=1999 | isbn=978-81-215-0248-1 | page=232}}</ref> concentrated in the [[Rachna Doab]],<ref name="Grewal Banga 1997 p.408 ">{{cite book | last=Grewal | first=J.S. | last2=Banga | first2=I. | title=Five Punjabi Centuries: Policy, Economy, Society, and Culture, C. 1500-1990 : Essays for J.S. Grewal | via=University of Michigan Library (digitized 3 September 2008) | year=1997 | isbn=978-81-7304-175-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzhuAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Chattha+ | page=408|quote="In the Rachna Doab there were Jat clans like Chhinna, Bajwa, Cheema, and Chattha..."}}</ref> particularly around the historical [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]] and [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]] districts of [[Punjab, Pakistan]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=Journal of Regional History, Volume 2 |year=1981|pages=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-ptAAAAMAAJ&q=+Jat+Cheema}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=0-19-563357-1 |edition=Illustrated |series=People of India: National series |volume=8 |location=Delhi |pages=1355–1357 |chapter=Appendix B |oclc=35662663}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/the_people|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2018|access-date=14 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405090525/https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/the_people|title=The People of Jhelum District - Jat Clans|website=Government of Punjab website}}</ref> It is one of the largest [[Jat tribe|Jat tribes]].The origin of the clan is debated. Historically, they have been regarded as a quarrelsome, [[Martial race|warrior]] and landowning ("[[zamindar]]") tribe.<ref name="Khan 1982 pp. 342–350">{{cite journal |last=Khan |first=Iftikhar Ahmad |title=A Note on Medieval Jatt Immigration in the Punjab |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=43 |year=1982 |issn=2249-1937 |jstor=44141246 |pages=347, 349}}</ref> The [[Chattha (clan)|Chattha]] are a closely related Jat clan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ibbetson |first=Sir Denzil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=PA154&dq=Chima+Chattha&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz5cK6uriTAxXoRf4FHWcPK3MQ6wF6BAgOEAU#v=onepage&q=Chima%20Chattha&f=false |title=Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province |last2=Maclagan |date=1990 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0505-3 |pages=154 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Bhindar |first=Imran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpBZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27&dq=Cheema+clan+history&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcoaPXsbiTAxXtMvsDHUUxEJwQ6wF6BAgJEAU#v=onepage&q=Cheema%20clan%20history&f=false |title=From Sialkot to Vancouver |date=2018-03-10 |isbn=978-1-64254-791-7 |pages=27 |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Painting of Prithviraj Chauhan shooting Muhammad of Ghor, attributed to Tara, Mewar, ca.1860.jpg|thumb|Painting of ''Prithi Rai'' shooting [[Muhammad of Ghor]], attributed to the court painter Tara, Mewar, ca.1860.]] The origin of the clan is debated. Historically, they have been regarded as a quarrelsome, [[Martial race|warrior]] and landowning ("[[zamindar]]") tribe.<ref name="Khan 1982 pp. 342–350">{{cite journal |last=Khan |first=Iftikhar Ahmad |title=A Note on Medieval Jatt Immigration in the Punjab |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=43 |year=1982 |issn=2249-1937 |jstor=44141246 |pages=347, 349}}</ref> Some mythological traditions link the clan’s origin to one of the [[Agnikula|Agnikulas]] ("fire-sprung") race, describing them as descendants of the sage [[Bhrigu]] through ''Jamadagni Vatsa''.<ref name=":0" /> [[H. A. Rose]] and other colonial-era historians trace their ancestry back twenty-five generations to an ancestor named ''Chima'', identified as a [[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]], a grandson of ''Prithi Rai'' (''Rai Tanura'').<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Bhindar |first=Imran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpBZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27&dq=Cheema+clan+history&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcoaPXsbiTAxXtMvsDHUUxEJwQ6wF6BAgJEAU#v=onepage&q=Cheema%20clan%20history&f=false |title=From Sialkot to Vancouver |date=2018-03-10 |isbn=978-1-64254-791-7 |pages=27 |language=en}}</ref> Another tribal tradition holds that an ancestor, ''Agarsén'', of the [[Solar dynasty]], had four sons—Chahil, China, Chima, and [[Sahi clan|Sahi]]—and that the four Jat tribes bearing those names are their descendants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bingley |first=A. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S3lKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32&dq=Chima+clan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiM3_Lz0NSTAxXQTKQEHd5eKAIQ6wF6BAgJEAU#v=onepage&q=Chima%20clan&f=false |title=Sikhs |last2=Army |first2=India |date=1899 |publisher=Government Central Printing Office |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> In colonial-era discourse, Jats were sometimes described as being of [[Indo-Scythian Kingdom|Indo-Scythian]] origin.<ref name="Jaffrelotp431">{{cite book |title=Religion, Caste & Politics in India |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=Primus Books |year=2010 |isbn=9789380607047 |page=431 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&pg=PA431}}</ref> The [[Chattha (clan)|Chattha]] are a closely related Jat clan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ibbetson |first=Sir Denzil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=PA154&dq=Chima+Chattha&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz5cK6uriTAxXoRf4FHWcPK3MQ6wF6BAgOEAU#v=onepage&q=Chima%20Chattha&f=false |title=Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province |last2=Maclagan |date=1990 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0505-3 |pages=154 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
== Notable people == == Notable people ==