User:Dragbot6/Inca Civil War

Comments on final draft - approved for move to Wiki article

← Previous revision Revision as of 17:44, 4 May 2026 Line 1: Line 1: {{Dashboard.wikiedu.org draft template/about this sandbox}} {{Dashboard.wikiedu.org draft template/about this sandbox}}

== Final Draft == == Final Draft - Approved == ''Dr. Levy's comments 5/4/26: Changes look good and are approved for moving into the live Wikipedia article! Remember to only paste the changes you made and to publish after every edit. This is why it's helpful to maintain the bold formatting until the last moment, while you're copying and pasting into the original article.''
''A few things that I went ahead and changed:''
# ''I slightly changed the wording about Atahualpa's ancestry. I still don't see a citation for Cieza de León. How do you know about this?'' # ''I removed "socio-economic" in the first sentence of the last paragraph. I don't think that's a correct characterization.'' # ''I removed the strikethrough from the last sentences. Was there a reason why you were considering removing these?''
''I'm reiterating here some of my previous comments about points to make in the edit summaries when you publish changes:''
# ''When you remove the sentences about Atahualpa being Huayna Capac's son, make sure you explain in the edit summary that you are moving these lines, not getting rid of them.'' # ''If Huayna Capac died in 1527, then he wouldn't have heard that the "strangers" arrived at Tumbes since Pizarro only reached there in 1528. You can point this out in the edit summary when you remove that line.''

== Causes of the division of the empire == == Causes of the division of the empire == Line 9: Line 21: [[Huayna Capac|H]][[Huayna Capac|uayna Capac]] had originally named Ninan Cuyochi as his successor. A group of nobles was sent to Cusco to inform Ninan Cuyochi. However, [[Huayna Capac]] later instead appointed [[Huáscar|Huascar]] as his heir. Since the auguries were negative, the great priest (Villaq Umu) returned to Tumebamba for [[Huayna Capac]] to make a new choice. But at his arrival, the [[Sapa Inca]] was already dead. Meanwhile, the group of nobles sent to Cusco learned of the death of [[Ninan Cuyochi]]. It was uncertain who should be the next Inca emperor; they had no clear rules of succession. If the sovereign and his successor both died, then a new emperor was elected by the Inca nobles. [[Huayna Capac|H]][[Huayna Capac|uayna Capac]] had originally named Ninan Cuyochi as his successor. A group of nobles was sent to Cusco to inform Ninan Cuyochi. However, [[Huayna Capac]] later instead appointed [[Huáscar|Huascar]] as his heir. Since the auguries were negative, the great priest (Villaq Umu) returned to Tumebamba for [[Huayna Capac]] to make a new choice. But at his arrival, the [[Sapa Inca]] was already dead. Meanwhile, the group of nobles sent to Cusco learned of the death of [[Ninan Cuyochi]]. It was uncertain who should be the next Inca emperor; they had no clear rules of succession. If the sovereign and his successor both died, then a new emperor was elected by the Inca nobles.

[[Huáscar]] and [[Atahualpa]], two sons of Huayna Capac born of different mothers, both vied for the position. [[Huáscar|Huascar]], was, through his mother, a part of Capac Ayllu, the [[Panakas|panaka]] of [[Topa Inca Yupanqui|Topa Inca]]. His parents, [[Huayna Capac]] and Chincha Ocllo, were siblings. As in some other cultures, the Inca violated incest rules to keep religious and political authority limited among a small elite.[[Huáscar|Huascar]] was therefore supported by the nobility in Cuzco, by religious and political authorities and other main figures. The Cuzco nobility, primarily the high priests, endowed Huascar with the [[mascapaicha]], the royal crown. This decision prevented Northern factions opposed to [[Huáscar|Huascar]] from influencing Sapa Inca succession. This supposedly quick coronation process gave [[Atahualpa]] the political justification to challenge Huascar's new legitimacy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Canseco |first=Maria Rostworowski de Diez |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PfO9_ohMYQQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Mar%C3%ADa+Rostworowski+de+Diez+Canseco,+History+of+the+Inca+Realm,+trans.+Harry+B.+Iceland+(Cambridge:+Cambridge+University+Press,+1999),+317%E2%80%93366.&ots=RBOMadIjmi&sig=EtN2-eynUmjTo8Qdzhox3EIIL8E#v=onepage&q=atahualpa&f=false |title=History of the Inca Realm |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63759-6 |language=en|pages=110-115}}</ref> [[Huáscar]] and [[Atahualpa]], two sons of Huayna Capac born of different mothers, both vied for the position. [[Huáscar|Huascar]], was, through his mother, a part of Capac Ayllu, the [[Panakas|panaka]] of [[Topa Inca Yupanqui|Topa Inca]]. His parents, [[Huayna Capac]] and Chincha Ocllo, were siblings. As in some other cultures, the Inca violated incest rules to keep religious and political authority limited among a small elite. [[Huáscar|Huascar]] was therefore supported by the nobility in Cuzco, by religious and political authorities and other main figures. The Cuzco nobility, primarily the high priests, endowed Huascar with the [[mascapaicha]], the royal crown. This decision prevented Northern factions opposed to [[Huáscar|Huascar]] from influencing Sapa Inca succession. This supposedly quick coronation process gave [[Atahualpa]] the political justification to challenge Huascar's new legitimacy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Canseco |first=Maria Rostworowski de Diez |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PfO9_ohMYQQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Mar%C3%ADa+Rostworowski+de+Diez+Canseco,+History+of+the+Inca+Realm,+trans.+Harry+B.+Iceland+(Cambridge:+Cambridge+University+Press,+1999),+317%E2%80%93366.&ots=RBOMadIjmi&sig=EtN2-eynUmjTo8Qdzhox3EIIL8E#v=onepage&q=atahualpa&f=false |title=History of the Inca Realm |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63759-6 |language=en|pages=110-115}}</ref>
⚫ As to [[Atahualpa]], sources disagree on his ancestry. According to some sources, mainly [[Inca Garcilaso de la Vega]], he was the son of a woman from Quito. [[Juan de Velasco]] says Atahualpa's mother was [[Paccha Duchicela|Paccha]], the queen of Quito while Maria Cieza de León notes that his mother was Tupa Palla from the lineage in Upper Cuzco, refuting the claim that Atahualpa's mother had been the queen of Quito. The large majority of [[Atahualpa|reliable sources]] say that [[Atahualpa]] was the son of a woman from the panaka of [[Pachacuti]]. Regardless of his maternal line, [[Atahualpa]] seems to have accompanied his father on every military expedition in the empire's northern regions. [[Huayna Capac]] likely used these expeditions to test his son's military capabilities. He sent [[Atahualpa]] on a military expedition to conquer the Pasto people. However, Atahualpa fled and received harsh treatment upon his return.

⚫ As to [[Atahualpa]], sources disagree on his ancestry. According to some sources, mainly [[Inca Garcilaso de la Vega]], he was the son of a woman from Quito. [[Juan de Velasco]] says Atahualpa's mother was [[Paccha Duchicela|Paccha]], the queen of Quito'''<u>. Maria Cieza de León, however,</u>''' notes that his mother was Tupa Palla from the lineage in Upper Cuzco <s>'''refuting the claim that Atahualpa's mother had been the queen of Quito'''</s> '''<u>and t</u>'''he large majority of [[Atahualpa|reliable sources]] say that [[Atahualpa]] was the son of a woman from the panaka of [[Pachacuti]]. Regardless of his maternal line, [[Atahualpa]] seems to have accompanied his father on every military expedition in the empire's northern regions. [[Huayna Capac]] likely used these expeditions to test his son's military capabilities. He sent [[Atahualpa]] on a military expedition to conquer the Pasto people. However, Atahualpa fled and received harsh treatment upon his return. If Atahualpa's mother was from a Cuzco panaka, then the succession conflict was most likely a socio-economic conflict between panakas. French historian Henri Favre argues that the conflict was not just between opposing panakas but all the panakas of Cusco, depending on whether they were Hurin (low) or Hanan (high).<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Favre |first=Henri |title=Les Incas |publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|pages=106-110}}</ref>

<s>Another possible cause for the war is that Inca generals in the north, [[Quizquiz]] and [[Rumiñawi (Inca warrior)|Rumiñawi]], previously employed by [[Huayna Capac|Huayna Capac,]] may have encouraged [[Atahualpa]] to rebel against his brother.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hemming |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/conquestofincas0000unse |title=The conquest of the Incas |date=1972 |publisher=London (30 Gray's Inn Rd, WC1X 8JL) : Abacus |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-349-11671-6|pages=28-30}}</ref> Given that the generals held closer relationships with [[Atahualpa]] than [[Huáscar|Huascar]], they may have concluded that they would benefit from Atahualpa's reign as Sapa Inca.<ref name=":1" /></s> If Atahualpa's mother was from a Cuzco panaka, then the succession conflict was most likely a conflict between panakas. French historian Henri Favre argues that the conflict was not just between opposing panakas but all the panakas of Cusco, depending on whether they were Hurin (low) or Hanan (high).<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Favre |first=Henri |title=Les Incas |publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|pages=106-110}}</ref> Another possible cause for the war is that Inca generals in the north, [[Quizquiz]] and [[Rumiñawi (Inca warrior)|Rumiñawi]], previously employed by [[Huayna Capac|Huayna Capac,]] may have encouraged [[Atahualpa]] to rebel against his brother.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hemming |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/conquestofincas0000unse |title=The conquest of the Incas |date=1972 |publisher=London (30 Gray's Inn Rd, WC1X 8JL) : Abacus |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-349-11671-6|pages=28-30}}</ref> Given that the generals held closer relationships with [[Atahualpa]] than [[Huáscar|Huascar]], they may have concluded that they would benefit from Atahualpa's reign as Sapa Inca.<ref name=":1" />

^^^ Should I keep/remove this? ^^^ Should I keep/remove this?