←Created page with '== April 2026 == {{subst:uw-chat}} ~~~~'
New page
== April 2026 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] [[Help:Getting
started|Welcome to Wikipedia]] and thank you for
[[Special:Contributions/~2026-24114-38|your contribution(s)]]. However, as
a [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|general rule]], while user talk pages permit
a small degree of generali{{#switch:{{{sp}}}|us=z|uk=s|#default=s}}ation, other
talk pages are strictly for discussing improvements to their associated main
pages, and many of them have special instructions on the top. They are
[[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#FORUM|not a search engine, a chatbot, or a
general discussion forum]] about the article's topic or any other topic. If you
have questions or ideas and are not sure where to post them, consider asking at
the [[WP:Teahouse|Teahouse]]. Thanks.<!-- Template:uw-chat1 -->
[[User:Gnomingstuff|Gnomingstuff]] ([[User talk:Gnomingstuff|talk]]) 22:14, 30
April 2026 (UTC)
cose
Genetic studies: ce, specific year and table
← Previous revision Revision as of 22:14, 30 April 2026 Line 139: Line 139:
==Genetic studies==
==Genetic studies==
According to one genetic study the ancestry of the Garifuna people on average,
is 76% African, 20% Arawak/Carib and 4% European.<ref>Crawford, M.H. 1997
[http://www2.ku.edu/~lba/courses/articles/Crawford%20Carib.pdf Biocultural
adaptation to disease in the Caribbean: Case study of a migrant population]
{{webarchive
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105001105/http://www2.ku.edu/~lba/courses/articles/Crawford%20Carib.pdf
|date=5 November 2012 }}. Journal of Caribbean Studies. Health and Disease in
the Caribbean. 12(1): 141–155.</ref> The admixture levels vary greatly between
island and Central American Garinagu Communities with Stann Creek, Belize
Garinagu having 79.9% African, 2.7% European and 17.4% Amerindian and Sandy Bay,
St. Vincent Garinagu having 41.1% African, 16.7% European and 42.2%
Amerindian.<ref>Crawford, M.H. 1983
[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/ajpa.1330260508/asset/1330260508_ftp.pdf
The anthropological genetics of the black The anthropological genetics of the
Black Caribs (Garifuna) of Central America and the Caribbean ]. Yearbook of
Physical Anthropology. 26: 161–192 (1983).</ref>
According to one genetic study the ancestry of the Garifuna people on average,
is 76% African, 20% Arawak/Carib and 4% European.<ref>Crawford, M.H. 1997
[http://www2.ku.edu/~lba/courses/articles/Crawford%20Carib.pdf Biocultural
adaptation to disease in the Caribbean: Case study of a migrant population]
{{webarchive
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105001105/http://www2.ku.edu/~lba/courses/articles/Crawford%20Carib.pdf
|date=5 November 2012 }}. Journal of Caribbean Studies. Health and Disease in
the Caribbean. 12(1): 141–155.</ref> The admixture levels vary greatly between
island and Central American Garinagu communities, with a 1983 study estimating
genetic admixture percentages for the Garinagu of [[Stann Creek, Belize]] at
79.9% African, 2.7% European and 17.4% Amerindian, while estimating the genetic
admixture percentages for Garinagu of [[New Sandy Bay Village|Sandy Bay, St.
Vincent]] at 41.1% African, 16.7% European and 42.2% Amerindian genetic
ancestry.<ref name="Crawford"/>
===African heritage===
===African heritage===
User account ShatteredVisionComics was created
Should the article mention Fuqua's comments on the sexual abuse allegations?
← Previous revision Revision as of 22:14, 30 April 2026 Line 171: Line 171:
*::I think we should give it a day or two to see if anyone objects and if no one
does then let's go ahead and do that. [[User:SilviaASH|<span
style="border-radius:5%; color:#5C03A6; font-family: Verdana;
font-weight:bold">silvia</span><span style="border-radius:5%; color:#FF6E6B;
font-family: Verdana; font-weight:bold">ASH</span>]] '''''<small
style="font-family:Verdana; font-size:70%;">([[User talk:SilviaASH|<span
style="color:#91134F">inquire within</span>]])</small>''''' 00:59, 30 April 2026
(UTC)
*::I think we should give it a day or two to see if anyone objects and if no one
does then let's go ahead and do that. [[User:SilviaASH|<span
style="border-radius:5%; color:#5C03A6; font-family: Verdana;
font-weight:bold">silvia</span><span style="border-radius:5%; color:#FF6E6B;
font-family: Verdana; font-weight:bold">ASH</span>]] '''''<small
style="font-family:Verdana; font-size:70%;">([[User talk:SilviaASH|<span
style="color:#91134F">inquire within</span>]])</small>''''' 00:59, 30 April 2026
(UTC)
*'''C, include both Reed and Fuqua's comments'''. The allegations are relevant
to the article as they were a big part of the film production and a big part of
the critical response. Fuqua's opinion on the allegations is relevant as he's
the director of the film. Reed's opinion on the treatment of the allegations in
the film (or lack thereof) is relevant as he's one of the highest-profile
supporters of the accusers. The opinions of both parties are supported by
reliable secondary sources. I see no [[WP:DUE]] problem with either party. Both
are obviously biased by their own interests, but that doesn't mean Wikipedia
shouldn't report their views, as long as they are properly attributed and not
stated in Wikipedia's voice. (As a hypothetical counterpoint, if Fuqua criticied
Reed's anti-Jackson film Leaving Neverland, I would support including his
criticism in the [[Leaving Neverland]] article.) [[User:Popcornfud|Popcornfud]]
([[User talk:Popcornfud|talk]]) 16:02, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
*'''C, include both Reed and Fuqua's comments'''. The allegations are relevant
to the article as they were a big part of the film production and a big part of
the critical response. Fuqua's opinion on the allegations is relevant as he's
the director of the film. Reed's opinion on the treatment of the allegations in
the film (or lack thereof) is relevant as he's one of the highest-profile
supporters of the accusers. The opinions of both parties are supported by
reliable secondary sources. I see no [[WP:DUE]] problem with either party. Both
are obviously biased by their own interests, but that doesn't mean Wikipedia
shouldn't report their views, as long as they are properly attributed and not
stated in Wikipedia's voice. (As a hypothetical counterpoint, if Fuqua criticied
Reed's anti-Jackson film Leaving Neverland, I would support including his
criticism in the [[Leaving Neverland]] article.) [[User:Popcornfud|Popcornfud]]
([[User talk:Popcornfud|talk]]) 16:02, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
*'''C, include both''' I looked some more into sources discussing this movie,
and this aspect of the movie is what everyone is talking about, and Leaving
Neverland is what everyone is contrasting it with. I think {{tq|Fuqua expressed
skepticism about the allegations}} to "Fuqua expressed skepticism about some of
the allegations", which is closer to the source: {{tq|He was skeptical of some
of the accusers’ parents, particularly Chandler’s father, a dentist and sometime
screenwriter named Evan Chandler, who was recorded threatening to insure that
Jackson was “humiliated beyond belief.” (Evan Chandler died by suicide in 2009,
a few months after Jackson’s death.) Fuqua stressed that he didn’t know the
truth of the allegations against Jackson. But, he said, “sometimes people do
some nasty things for some money.”}}. [[User:Polygnotus|Polygnotus]] ([[User
talk:Polygnotus|talk]]) 22:12, 30 April 2026 (UTC)
*'''C, include both''' I looked some more into sources discussing this movie,
and this aspect of the movie is what everyone is talking about, and Leaving
Neverland is what everyone is contrasting it with. I think {{tq|Fuqua expressed
skepticism about the allegations}} to "Fuqua expressed skepticism about some of
the allegations", which is closer to the source: {{tq|He was skeptical of some
of the accusers’ parents, particularly Chandler’s father, a dentist and sometime
screenwriter named Evan Chandler, who was recorded threatening to insure that
Jackson was “humiliated beyond belief.” (Evan Chandler died by suicide in 2009,
a few months after Jackson’s death.) Fuqua stressed that he didn’t know the
truth of the allegations against Jackson. But, he said, “sometimes people do
some nasty things for some money.”}}. I
[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_%282026_film%29&diff=1351913402&oldid=1351890763
fixed it]. [[User:Polygnotus|Polygnotus]] ([[User talk:Polygnotus|talk]]) 22:12,
30 April 2026 (UTC)
=== Discussion ===
=== Discussion ===
Harris County: Added Howard Wolf
← Previous revision Revision as of 22:14, 30 April 2026 Line 212: Line 212:
*Roland Garcia, Jr.:<ref>{{Cite
web|url=https://hchdfoundation.org/roland-garcia-jr-2/|title=Roland Garcia,
Jr.|website=Harris County Hospital District
Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref> First minority male
elected as the President of the Harris County Bar Association, Texas
*Roland Garcia, Jr.:<ref>{{Cite
web|url=https://hchdfoundation.org/roland-garcia-jr-2/|title=Roland Garcia,
Jr.|website=Harris County Hospital District
Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref> First minority male
elected as the President of the Harris County Bar Association, Texas
*Christian Menefee:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boney |first=Jeffrey L.
|date=2025-02-26 |title=Black History Makers: Two African Americans Who Made
History As the First Black County Attorneys in Harris and Fort Bend Counties
|url=https://www.forwardtimes.com/news/state-local/black-history-makers-two-african-americans-who-made-history-as-the-first-black-county-attorneys/article_8eb2779e-f490-11ef-966f-7384468b798c.html
|access-date=2025-04-23 |website=Forward Times |language=en}}</ref> First
African American male to serve as Harris County Attorney (2020)
*Christian Menefee:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boney |first=Jeffrey L.
|date=2025-02-26 |title=Black History Makers: Two African Americans Who Made
History As the First Black County Attorneys in Harris and Fort Bend Counties
|url=https://www.forwardtimes.com/news/state-local/black-history-makers-two-african-americans-who-made-history-as-the-first-black-county-attorneys/article_8eb2779e-f490-11ef-966f-7384468b798c.html
|access-date=2025-04-23 |website=Forward Times |language=en}}</ref> First
African American male to serve as Harris County Attorney (2020)
*Howard Wolf (1959):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Howard Wolf Obituary (1935 - 2025) -
Austin, TX - Austin American-Statesman
|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/statesman/name/howard-wolf-obituary?id=59098006
|access-date=2026-04-30 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> First Jewish American male
lawyer to join a major law firm in [[Houston]], [[Harris County, Texas]] (
*Otis King:<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Cindy |date=2012-11-30
|title=King, Houston's first black city attorney, dies at 77
|url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/King-Houston-s-first-black-city-attorney-dies-4078967.php
|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220812100439/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/King-Houston-s-first-black-city-attorney-dies-4078967.php
|archive-date=2022-08-12 |access-date=2026-03-14 |work=Chron
|language=en-US}}</ref> First African American male to serve as the City
Attorney of [[Houston]], [[Harris County, Texas]] (1976)
*Otis King:<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Cindy |date=2012-11-30
|title=King, Houston's first black city attorney, dies at 77
|url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/King-Houston-s-first-black-city-attorney-dies-4078967.php
|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220812100439/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/King-Houston-s-first-black-city-attorney-dies-4078967.php
|archive-date=2022-08-12 |access-date=2026-03-14 |work=Chron
|language=en-US}}</ref> First African American male to serve as the City
Attorney of [[Houston]], [[Harris County, Texas]] (1976)
*Ed Cazares:<ref>{{Cite news |last=Abram |first=Lynwood |date=October 13, 2007
|title=Ed Cazares, first Latino city attorney, dies at 84
|url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-deaths/article/ed-cazares-first-latino-city-attorney-dies-at-84-1839670.php
|work=CHRON}}</ref> First Latino American male to serve as the City Attorney of
[[Houston]], [[Harris County, Texas]] (1980)
*Ed Cazares:<ref>{{Cite news |last=Abram |first=Lynwood |date=October 13, 2007
|title=Ed Cazares, first Latino city attorney, dies at 84
|url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-deaths/article/ed-cazares-first-latino-city-attorney-dies-at-84-1839670.php
|work=CHRON}}</ref> First Latino American male to serve as the City Attorney of
[[Houston]], [[Harris County, Texas]] (1980)
Reverted edit by ~2026-24114-38 (talk) to last version by Cewbot
← Previous revision Revision as of 22:14, 30 April 2026 Line 4: Line 4:
{{WikiProject Religion|importance=low}}
{{WikiProject Religion|importance=low}}
}}
}}
== Show in work ==
Jowhar [[Special:Contributions/~2026-24114-38|~2026-24114-38]] ([[User
talk:~2026-24114-38|talk]]) 01:29, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
rmv WP:RAJ-era cruft on a WP:CT/CASTE article
← Previous revision Revision as of 22:14, 30 April 2026 Line 2: Line 2:
{{Use Pakistani English|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox tribe
| name = Cheema
| local name = {{nq|چیمہ}}
| type = [[Clan]]
| ethnicity = [[Punjabis]]
| location = [[Rachna Doab]] ([[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]])
| parent_tribe = [[Jats]]
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Majhi dialect]])
}}
⚫
'''Cheema''' (also spelled '''Chima'''){{NoteTag|{{langx|pa|ਚੀਮਾ
{{small|([[Gurmukhi]])}}, {{nq|چیمہ}} {{small|([[Shahmukhi]])}}}}}} is a very
politically influential<ref name="Grewal Banga 1997 p.408 "/><ref name="Jones
2003 p.366-7 ">{{cite book | last=Jones | first=P.E. | title=The Pakistan
People's Party: Rise to Power | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2003 |
isbn=978-0-19-579966-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xliNAAAAMAAJ |
pages=366–367}}</ref> [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Jats|Jat]] clan<ref
name="Gupta 1999 p. 232 ">{{cite book | last=Gupta | first=Hari Ram
|author-link=Hari Ram Gupta| title=History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh
confederacies, 1708–1769 | date=1999 | isbn=978-81-215-0248-1 | page=232}}</ref>
concentrated in the [[Rachna Doab]],<ref name="Grewal Banga 1997 p.408 ">{{cite
book | last=Grewal | first=J.S. | last2=Banga | first2=I. | title=Five Punjabi
Centuries: Policy, Economy, Society, and Culture, C. 1500-1990 : Essays for J.S.
Grewal | via=University of Michigan Library (digitized 3 September 2008) |
year=1997 | isbn=978-81-7304-175-4 |
url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzhuAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Chattha+
| page=408|quote="In the Rachna Doab there were Jat clans like Chhinna, Bajwa,
Cheema, and Chattha..."}}</ref> particularly around the historical [[Gujranwala
District|Gujranwala]], [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]] and [[Sialkot
District|Sialkot]] districts of [[Punjab, Pakistan]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book
|title=Journal of Regional History, Volume 2
|year=1981|pages=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-ptAAAAMAAJ&q=+Jat+Cheema}}</ref><ref
name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |title=Communities,
Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological
Survey of India |isbn=0-19-563357-1 |edition=Illustrated |series=People of
India: National series |volume=8 |location=Delhi |pages=1355–1357
|chapter=Appendix B |oclc=35662663}}</ref><ref>{{cite
web|url=https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/the_people|url-status=dead|archive-date=5
April 2018|access-date=14 October
2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405090525/https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/the_people|title=The
People of Jhelum District - Jat Clans|website=Government of Punjab
website}}</ref> It is one of the largest [[Jat tribe|Jat tribes]]. The Cheema
are predominantly [[Muslims|Muslim]], with conversions traditionally attributed
to the periods of [[Feroz Shah]] and [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book
|last=Rose |first=H. A. (Horace Arthur)
|url=http://archive.org/details/glossaryoftribes03rose |title=A glossary of the
tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West frontier province |last2=Ibbetson
|first2=Denzil |last3=Maclagan |first3=Edward Douglas |date=1911
|publisher=Lahore : Printed by the superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab
|others=University of California Libraries |pages=171}}</ref>
⚫
'''Cheema''' (also spelled '''Chima'''){{NoteTag|{{langx|pa|ਚੀਮਾ
{{small|([[Gurmukhi]])}}, {{nq|چیمہ}} {{small|([[Shahmukhi]])}}}}}} is a very
politically influential<ref name="Grewal Banga 1997 p.408 "/><ref name="Jones
2003 p.366-7 ">{{cite book | last=Jones | first=P.E. | title=The Pakistan
People's Party: Rise to Power | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2003 |
isbn=978-0-19-579966-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xliNAAAAMAAJ |
pages=366–367}}</ref> [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Jats|Jat]] clan<ref
name="Gupta 1999 p. 232 ">{{cite book | last=Gupta | first=Hari Ram
|author-link=Hari Ram Gupta| title=History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh
confederacies, 1708–1769 | date=1999 | isbn=978-81-215-0248-1 | page=232}}</ref>
concentrated in the [[Rachna Doab]],<ref name="Grewal Banga 1997 p.408 ">{{cite
book | last=Grewal | first=J.S. | last2=Banga | first2=I. | title=Five Punjabi
Centuries: Policy, Economy, Society, and Culture, C. 1500-1990 : Essays for J.S.
Grewal | via=University of Michigan Library (digitized 3 September 2008) |
year=1997 | isbn=978-81-7304-175-4 |
url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzhuAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Chattha+
| page=408|quote="In the Rachna Doab there were Jat clans like Chhinna, Bajwa,
Cheema, and Chattha..."}}</ref> particularly around the historical [[Gujranwala
District|Gujranwala]], [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]] and [[Sialkot
District|Sialkot]] districts of [[Punjab, Pakistan]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book
|title=Journal of Regional History, Volume 2
|year=1981|pages=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-ptAAAAMAAJ&q=+Jat+Cheema}}</ref><ref
name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |title=Communities,
Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological
Survey of India |isbn=0-19-563357-1 |edition=Illustrated |series=People of
India: National series |volume=8 |location=Delhi |pages=1355–1357
|chapter=Appendix B |oclc=35662663}}</ref><ref>{{cite
web|url=https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/the_people|url-status=dead|archive-date=5
April 2018|access-date=14 October
2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405090525/https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/the_people|title=The
People of Jhelum District - Jat Clans|website=Government of Punjab
website}}</ref> It is one of the largest [[Jat tribe|Jat tribes]].The origin of
the clan is debated. Historically, they have been regarded as a quarrelsome,
[[Martial race|warrior]] and landowning ("[[zamindar]]") tribe.<ref name="Khan
1982 pp. 342–350">{{cite journal |last=Khan |first=Iftikhar Ahmad |title=A Note
on Medieval Jatt Immigration in the Punjab |journal=Proceedings of the Indian
History Congress |volume=43 |year=1982 |issn=2249-1937 |jstor=44141246
|pages=347, 349}}</ref> The [[Chattha (clan)|Chattha]] are a closely related Jat
clan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ibbetson |first=Sir Denzil
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=PA154&dq=Chima+Chattha&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz5cK6uriTAxXoRf4FHWcPK3MQ6wF6BAgOEAU#v=onepage&q=Chima%20Chattha&f=false
|title=Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier
Province |last2=Maclagan |date=1990 |publisher=Asian Educational Services
|isbn=978-81-206-0505-3 |pages=154 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite
book |last=Bhindar |first=Imran
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpBZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27&dq=Cheema+clan+history&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcoaPXsbiTAxXtMvsDHUUxEJwQ6wF6BAgJEAU#v=onepage&q=Cheema%20clan%20history&f=false
|title=From Sialkot to Vancouver |date=2018-03-10 |isbn=978-1-64254-791-7
|pages=27 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Painting of Prithviraj Chauhan shooting Muhammad of Ghor, attributed to
Tara, Mewar, ca.1860.jpg|thumb|Painting of ''Prithi Rai'' shooting [[Muhammad of
Ghor]], attributed to the court painter Tara, Mewar, ca.1860.]]
The origin of the clan is debated. Historically, they have been regarded as a
quarrelsome, [[Martial race|warrior]] and landowning ("[[zamindar]]") tribe.<ref
name="Khan 1982 pp. 342–350">{{cite journal |last=Khan |first=Iftikhar Ahmad
|title=A Note on Medieval Jatt Immigration in the Punjab |journal=Proceedings of
the Indian History Congress |volume=43 |year=1982 |issn=2249-1937
|jstor=44141246 |pages=347, 349}}</ref> Some mythological traditions link the
clan’s origin to one of the [[Agnikula|Agnikulas]] ("fire-sprung") race,
describing them as descendants of the sage [[Bhrigu]] through ''Jamadagni
Vatsa''.<ref name=":0" /> [[H. A. Rose]] and other colonial-era historians trace
their ancestry back twenty-five generations to an ancestor named ''Chima'',
identified as a [[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]], a grandson of ''Prithi Rai'' (''Rai
Tanura'').<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Bhindar |first=Imran
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpBZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27&dq=Cheema+clan+history&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcoaPXsbiTAxXtMvsDHUUxEJwQ6wF6BAgJEAU#v=onepage&q=Cheema%20clan%20history&f=false
|title=From Sialkot to Vancouver |date=2018-03-10 |isbn=978-1-64254-791-7
|pages=27 |language=en}}</ref> Another tribal tradition holds that an ancestor,
''Agarsén'', of the [[Solar dynasty]], had four sons—Chahil, China, Chima, and
[[Sahi clan|Sahi]]—and that the four Jat tribes bearing those names are their
descendants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bingley |first=A. H.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S3lKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32&dq=Chima+clan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiM3_Lz0NSTAxXQTKQEHd5eKAIQ6wF6BAgJEAU#v=onepage&q=Chima%20clan&f=false
|title=Sikhs |last2=Army |first2=India |date=1899 |publisher=Government Central
Printing Office |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> In colonial-era discourse, Jats
were sometimes described as being of [[Indo-Scythian Kingdom|Indo-Scythian]]
origin.<ref name="Jaffrelotp431">{{cite book |title=Religion, Caste & Politics
in India |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=Primus Books |year=2010
|isbn=9789380607047 |page=431
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&pg=PA431}}</ref> The
[[Chattha (clan)|Chattha]] are a closely related Jat clan.<ref>{{Cite book
|last=Ibbetson |first=Sir Denzil
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=PA154&dq=Chima+Chattha&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz5cK6uriTAxXoRf4FHWcPK3MQ6wF6BAgOEAU#v=onepage&q=Chima%20Chattha&f=false
|title=Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier
Province |last2=Maclagan |date=1990 |publisher=Asian Educational Services
|isbn=978-81-206-0505-3 |pages=154 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==
Adding short description: "Road running event in Berlin, Germany"
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{{Short description|Road running event in Berlin, Germany}}
{{Infobox athletics competition
{{Infobox athletics competition
|competition = 34th Berlin Marathon
|competition = 34th Berlin Marathon
made it look like the streets were included to comply
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'''330 West 42nd Street''' (also known as the '''McGraw-Hill Building''' and
formerly as the '''GHI Building''') is a {{Convert|485|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}},
33-story [[skyscraper]] in the [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]]
neighborhood of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]], New York, U.S. Designed by
[[Raymond Hood]] and [[J. André Fouilhoux]] in a mixture of the [[International
Style]], [[Art Deco]], and [[Art Moderne]] styles, the building was constructed
from 1930 to 1931 and originally served as the headquarters of the [[McGraw-Hill
Companies]].
'''330 West 42nd Street''' (also known as the '''McGraw-Hill Building''' and
formerly as the '''GHI Building''') is a {{Convert|485|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}},
33-story [[skyscraper]] in the [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]]
neighborhood of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]], New York, U.S. Designed by
[[Raymond Hood]] and [[J. André Fouilhoux]] in a mixture of the [[International
Style]], [[Art Deco]], and [[Art Moderne]] styles, the building was constructed
from 1930 to 1931 and originally served as the headquarters of the [[McGraw-Hill
Companies]].
The building's [[massing]], or shape, consists of numerous [[Setback
(architecture)|setbacks]] facing 41st and [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd]]
streets, which were included to comply with the [[1916 Zoning Resolution]]. The
[[facade]] is made of blue-green [[terracotta]] ceramic tile panels alternating
with green metal-framed windows, with a strongly horizontal orientation. The
facade was intended to blend in with the sky regardless of the atmospheric
conditions. The entrance and the original lobby were decorated with light blue
and dark green panels. Most of the upper stories had similar floor plans, except
for their widths, which varied due to the setbacks on the facade. At the time of
its completion, 330 West 42nd Street was controversial for the use of horizontal
emphasis on its facade, which its contemporaries lacked. In subsequent decades,
architectural critics recognized the building as an early example of the
International Style.
The building's [[massing]], or shape, consists of numerous [[Setback
(architecture)|setbacks]] facing 41st and [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd]]
streets; these were included to comply with the [[1916 Zoning Resolution]]. The
[[facade]] is made of blue-green [[terracotta]] ceramic tile panels alternating
with green metal-framed windows, with a strongly horizontal orientation. The
facade was intended to blend in with the sky regardless of the atmospheric
conditions. The entrance and the original lobby were decorated with light blue
and dark green panels. Most of the upper stories had similar floor plans, except
for their widths, which varied due to the setbacks on the facade. At the time of
its completion, 330 West 42nd Street was controversial for the use of horizontal
emphasis on its facade, which its contemporaries lacked. In subsequent decades,
architectural critics recognized the building as an early example of the
International Style.
McGraw-Hill Companies bought the land in early 1930 to replace smaller
headquarters; the company originally took three-quarters of the space, renting
out the other stories. As the surrounding neighborhood [[History of New York
City (1946–1977)#1960s|became more decrepit]], McGraw-Hill moved in 1972 to
[[1221 Avenue of the Americas]]. The building subsequently became the
headquarters of [[Group Health Insurance]] (GHI). Since then, ownership of 330
West 42nd Street has changed several times. Deco Towers, which has owned the
building since 1994, began considering converting it into [[condominium]]s in
2018. [[Moed de Armas and Shannon]] completely renovated the building (including
the lobby) in 2021, and the upper stories were converted into apartments
starting in 2023. The [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] (LPC)
has designated 330 West 42nd Street as a city landmark, and the structure is
listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] (NRHP) as a [[National
Historic Landmark]].
McGraw-Hill Companies bought the land in early 1930 to replace smaller
headquarters; the company originally took three-quarters of the space, renting
out the other stories. As the surrounding neighborhood [[History of New York
City (1946–1977)#1960s|became more decrepit]], McGraw-Hill moved in 1972 to
[[1221 Avenue of the Americas]]. The building subsequently became the
headquarters of [[Group Health Insurance]] (GHI). Since then, ownership of 330
West 42nd Street has changed several times. Deco Towers, which has owned the
building since 1994, began considering converting it into [[condominium]]s in
2018. [[Moed de Armas and Shannon]] completely renovated the building (including
the lobby) in 2021, and the upper stories were converted into apartments
starting in 2023. The [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] (LPC)
has designated 330 West 42nd Street as a city landmark, and the structure is
listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] (NRHP) as a [[National
Historic Landmark]].
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{{ROMANDATE|format=MD}}
: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>ROMANDATE|2026|4|25}}</code> →
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: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>ROMANDATE|2026|4|25}}</code> →
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: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>ROMANDATE|format=DMY|2026|4|25}}</code> →
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=== Individual units of time ===
=== Individual units of time ===
←Created page with '== April 2026 == {{subst:uw-chat}} ~~~~'
New page
== April 2026 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] [[Help:Getting
started|Welcome to Wikipedia]] and thank you for
[[Special:Contributions/~2026-24198-25|your contribution(s)]]. However, as
a [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|general rule]], while user talk pages permit
a small degree of generali{{#switch:{{{sp}}}|us=z|uk=s|#default=s}}ation, other
talk pages are strictly for discussing improvements to their associated main
pages, and many of them have special instructions on the top. They are
[[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#FORUM|not a search engine, a chatbot, or a
general discussion forum]] about the article's topic or any other topic. If you
have questions or ideas and are not sure where to post them, consider asking at
the [[WP:Teahouse|Teahouse]]. Thanks.<!-- Template:uw-chat1 -->
[[User:Gnomingstuff|Gnomingstuff]] ([[User talk:Gnomingstuff|talk]]) 22:14, 30
April 2026 (UTC)
← Previous revision Revision as of 22:14, 30 April 2026 Line 23: Line 23:
[[Amir Ghalenoei|Ghalenoei]] 2009 to 11
[[Amir Ghalenoei|Ghalenoei]] 2009 to 11
[[Luka Bonačić|Bonačić]] 2011
[[Luka Bonačić|Bonačić]] 2011
[[Karim Ghanbari|Ghanbari]] (a.i.) 2011
[[Karim Ghanbari|Ghanbari]]<sup>c</sup> 2011
[[Zlatko Kranjčar|Kranjčar]] 2011 to 14
[[Zlatko Kranjčar|Kranjčar]] 2011 to 14
[[Hossein Faraki|Faraki]] 2014 to 15
[[Hossein Faraki|Faraki]] 2014 to 15
[[Igor Štimac|Štimac]] 2015 to 16
[[Igor Štimac|Štimac]] 2015 to 16
[[Ghasem Zaghinejad|Zaghinejad]] (a.i.) 2016
[[Ghasem Zaghinejad|Zaghinejad]]<sup>c</sup> 2016
[[Abdollah Veisi|Veisi]] 2016 to 17
[[Abdollah Veisi|Veisi]] 2016 to 17
[[Zlatko Kranjčar|Kranjčar]] 2017 to 18
[[Zlatko Kranjčar|Kranjčar]] 2017 to 18
[[Mansour Ebrahimzadeh|Ebrahimzadeh]] 2018
[[Mansour Ebrahimzadeh|Ebrahimzadeh]] 2018
[[Amir Ghalenoei|Ghalenoei]] 2018 to 20
[[Amir Ghalenoei|Ghalenoei]] 2018 to 20
[[Miguel Teixeira|Teixeira]]<sup>c</sup> 2020
[[Moharram Navidkia|Navidkia]] 2020 to 22
[[Moharram Navidkia|Navidkia]] 2020 to 22
[[José Morais|Morais]] 2022 to 24
[[José Morais|Morais]] 2022 to 24
[[Patrice Carteron|Carteron]] 2024
[[Hugo Almeida|Almeida]]<sup>c</sup> 2024
[[Jalal Omidian|Omidian]]<sup>c</sup> 2024
[[Patrice Carteron|Carteron]] 2024 to 25
[[Moharram Navidkia|Navidkia]] 2025
|note = (c) = [[caretaker manager]]
}}<noinclude>
}}<noinclude>
{{navbox documentation}}
{{navbox documentation}}