History: strikes and replies
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===History===
===History===
;Streetcar changes
;Streetcar changes
*I don't know if this is necessary, but if you could find information about why
certain changes were made when they were, it would be great to include. I'm
guessing most route changes were made in conjunction with changing commuter
patterns.
*<s>I don't know if this is necessary, but if you could find information about
why certain changes were made when they were, it would be great to include. I'm
guessing most route changes were made in conjunction with changing commuter
patterns.</s>
**Where available (usually when a rapid transit extension opened), I've already
included the reasoning. Unfortunately, most other changes don't have a reason
given in the papers.
**Where available (usually when a rapid transit extension opened), I've already
included the reasoning. Unfortunately, most other changes don't have a reason
given in the papers.
*{{tq|In 1907, service on Talbot Avenue consisted of the Dudley–Peabody Square
route...}} - just to confirm, did this service begin in 1907, or was this the
earliest you could find sources for its existence?
*<s>{{tq|In 1907, service on Talbot Avenue consisted of the Dudley–Peabody
Square route...}} - just to confirm, did this service begin in 1907, or was this
the earliest you could find sources for its existence?</s>
**The cited source is a listing of (most of) the streetcar network as it existed
in 1907. (Specifically, all routes that intersected the [[Orange Line
(MBTA)|Main Line Elevated]].)
**The cited source is a listing of (most of) the streetcar network as it existed
in 1907. (Specifically, all routes that intersected the [[Orange Line
(MBTA)|Main Line Elevated]].)
*{{tq|Most service on the latter route terminated on Blue Hill Avenue at
Franklin Field at the west end of Talbot Avenue.}} Could you please elaborate on
the meaning of "most service"? Does this mean that the route occasionally went
beyond Franklin Field, and if so, to where? Maybe the service changed depending
on demand?
*{{tq|Most service on the latter route terminated on Blue Hill Avenue at
Franklin Field at the west end of Talbot Avenue.}} Could you please elaborate on
the meaning of "most service"? Does this mean that the route occasionally went
beyond Franklin Field, and if so, to where? Maybe the service changed depending
on demand?
**That same source lists the longer version of the route with a symbol
indicating "not a full-time route (usually rush-hour only or pullback)"
(pullback indicating cars going to/from the carhouse at the beginning or end of
service). Unfortunately I can't find anything that provides any more detail.
**That same source lists the longer version of the route with a symbol
indicating "not a full-time route (usually rush-hour only or pullback)"
(pullback indicating cars going to/from the carhouse at the beginning or end of
service). Unfortunately I can't find anything that provides any more detail.
*Recommend changing "Within several years" to "within a few years", since this
appears to have taken place within a three-year period. Does this mean it began
as an all-day service, switched to partial-day, and then returned to all-day in
mid-1913?
*<s>Recommend changing "Within several years" to "within a few years", since
this appears to have taken place within a three-year period. Does this mean it
began as an all-day service, switched to partial-day, and then returned to
all-day in mid-1913?</s>
**{{sym|?}} I don't understand - to me, those two phrases mean the same thing,
with the current phrasing more formal. And yes, that's what it appears, though
the 1910 source doesn't explicitly say it originated as all-day.
**{{sym|?}} I don't understand - to me, those two phrases mean the same thing,
with the current phrasing more formal. And yes, that's what it appears, though
the 1910 source doesn't explicitly say it originated as all-day.
***I guess we could let this go the way it is know. I was under the impression
it began as an all-day service in 1910, but if you can't confirm this, then I
don't guess there's much that can be done.
;1940s and trolleybus conversions
;1940s and trolleybus conversions
*When it says that the route numbers were reassigned in 1940-41, does this mean
they weren't all done at once? Is a more precise date available for when Route
22 was assigned?
*When it says that the route numbers were reassigned in 1940-41, does this mean
they weren't all done at once? Is a more precise date available for when Route
22 was assigned?
cose
CS1 error on All the Things She Said: (Task 17)
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}}
'''''Meristogenys''''' is a [[genus]] of [[true frog]]s from [[Borneo]].<ref
name=Frost/> Its [[tadpole]]s are adapted to fast-flowing mountain streams and
easily recognizable by their divided upper lip with ribs on the
outside.<ref>Stuart (2008)</ref><ref name="Shimada et al. 2011 whiteheadi"/>
'''''Meristogenys''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Ranidae|true frog]]s from
[[Borneo]].<ref name=Frost/> Its [[tadpole]]s are adapted to fast-flowing
mountain streams and easily recognizable by their divided upper lip with ribs on
the outside.<ref>Stuart (2008)</ref><ref name="Shimada et al. 2011 whiteheadi"/>
==Taxonomy and systematics==
==Taxonomy and systematics==
fixing infobox and removing deprecated parameters; Cleaning up syntax using
indent.js
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|death_date=
|death_date=
|death_place=
|death_place=
|burial_place=
|placeofburial=
|allegiance= United States
|allegiance= United States
|branch= [[United States Army]]
|branch= [[United States Army]]
|serviceyears= 1981–2020
|service_years= 1981–2020
|rank= [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]]
|rank= [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]]
|service_number=
|servicenumber=
|unit=
|unit=
|commands= [[XVIII Airborne Corps]]<br />[[International Security Assistance
Force]] Joint Command<br />[[4th Infantry Division (United States)|4th Infantry
Division]]<br />2nd Brigade, [[101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)]]<br
/>[[502d Infantry Regiment]]<br />[[2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry
Regiment]]<br />2nd Battalion, [[75th Ranger Regiment]]
|commands= [[XVIII Airborne Corps]]<br />[[International Security Assistance
Force]] Joint Command<br />[[4th Infantry Division (United States)|4th Infantry
Division]]<br />2nd Brigade, [[101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)]]<br
/>[[502d Infantry Regiment]]<br />[[2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry
Regiment]]<br />2nd Battalion, [[75th Ranger Regiment]]
Line 23: Line 23:
|awards= [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]<br />[[Army Distinguished
Service Medal]] (3)<br />[[Defense Superior Service Medal]] (2)<br />[[Legion of
Merit]] (3)<br />[[Bronze Star Medal]] (6)
|awards= [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]<br />[[Army Distinguished
Service Medal]] (3)<br />[[Defense Superior Service Medal]] (2)<br />[[Legion of
Merit]] (3)<br />[[Bronze Star Medal]] (6)
|relations=
|relations=
|other_work=
|laterwork=
}}
}}
'''Joseph Anderson''' (born September 14, 1959) is a retired [[Lieutenant
general (United States)|lieutenant general]] in the [[United States Army]], who
last served as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army, G-3/5/7, previously serving as
the commanding general of the [[XVIII Airborne Corps]], Commander of
International Security Assistance Force Joint Command and Deputy Commanding
General, US Forces – Afghanistan. Born in New York in 1959,<ref>{{Cite
web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqspAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Joseph+Anderson%22+Register+of+Graduates+and+Former+Cadets,+United+States+Military+Academy|title=Register
of Graduates and Former Cadets, United States Military Academy|year=1986}}</ref>
he was commissioned upon his graduation from the [[United States Military
Academy]] in 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio: Anderson J
|url=https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AS/AS03/20180419/108073/HHRG-115-AS03-Bio-AndersonJ-20180419.PDF
|website=docs.house.gov}}</ref>
'''Joseph Anderson''' (born September 14, 1959) is a retired [[Lieutenant
general (United States)|lieutenant general]] in the [[United States Army]], who
last served as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army, G-3/5/7, previously serving as
the commanding general of the [[XVIII Airborne Corps]], Commander of
International Security Assistance Force Joint Command and Deputy Commanding
General, US Forces – Afghanistan. Born in New York in 1959,<ref>{{Cite
web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqspAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Joseph+Anderson%22+Register+of+Graduates+and+Former+Cadets,+United+States+Military+Academy|title=Register
of Graduates and Former Cadets, United States Military Academy|year=1986}}</ref>
he was commissioned upon his graduation from the [[United States Military
Academy]] in 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio: Anderson J
|url=https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AS/AS03/20180419/108073/HHRG-115-AS03-Bio-AndersonJ-20180419.PDF
|website=docs.house.gov}}</ref>
removed non sequitur, minor copy edits
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}}
}}
'''Henry Julian Abraham''' (August 25, 1921 – February 26, 2020)<ref
name="obit">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.hillandwood.com/obituary/henry-abraham?|title=Obituary for
Henry J. Abraham at Hill and Wood |website=www.hillandwood.com |language=en
|access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.nbc29.com/2020/02/27/henry-abraham-longtime-university-virginia-professor-dead/
|title=Henry Abraham, longtime University of Virginia professor, dead at 98
|last=Paschall |first=C. J. |website=www.nbc29.com |language=en-US
|access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref> was a German-born American scholar on the
judiciary and constitutional law. He was James Hart Professor of Government
Emeritus at the [[University of
Virginia]].<ref>[http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2013_spr/slaughter.htm
Anne-Marie Slaughter to Speak on Drones, Detention and Foreign Policy at UVA
Law]
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130203658/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2013_spr/slaughter.htm
|date=2016-01-30 }}, April 12, 2013, Retrieved December 6, 2013</ref> He was the
author of 13 books, most in multiple editions, and more than 100 articles on the
[[U.S. Supreme Court]], judicial appointments, judicial process, and civil
rights and liberties.
'''Henry Julian Abraham''' (August 25, 1921 – February 26, 2020)<ref
name="obit">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.hillandwood.com/obituary/henry-abraham?|title=Obituary for
Henry J. Abraham at Hill and Wood |website=www.hillandwood.com |language=en
|access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.nbc29.com/2020/02/27/henry-abraham-longtime-university-virginia-professor-dead/
|title=Henry Abraham, longtime University of Virginia professor, dead at 98
|last=Paschall |first=C. J. |website=www.nbc29.com |language=en-US
|access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref> was a German-born American scholar on the
judiciary and constitutional law. He was James Hart Professor of Government
Emeritus at the [[University of
Virginia]].<ref>[http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2013_spr/slaughter.htm
Anne-Marie Slaughter to Speak on Drones, Detention and Foreign Policy at UVA
Law]
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130203658/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2013_spr/slaughter.htm
|date=2016-01-30 }}, April 12, 2013, Retrieved December 6, 2013</ref> He was the
author of 13 books, most in multiple editions, and more than 100 articles on the
[[U.S. Supreme Court]], judicial appointments, judicial process, and civil
rights and liberties.
==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Abraham was born in [[Offenbach am Main|Offenbach]], [[Weimar
Republic]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry J. Abraham, Political Science
|url=https://almanac.upenn.edu/articles/henry-j-abraham-political-science
|access-date=2023-12-15 |website=almanac.upenn.edu |language=en}}</ref> the son
of Frederick and Liesel Kullman Abraham. His family was Jewish. In 1937, Abraham
was sent to the United States to live with relatives during the rise of the
[[Nazi regime]]. His father was arrested on [[Kristallnacht]] and spent two
months in [[Dachau concentration camp]]. In 1939, Abraham was reunited with his
parents and brother Otto, and the family settled in Pittsburgh, PA.<ref
name="obit" /><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.richmond.com/news/local/government-politics/all-that-is-evil-white-nationalist-rally-revived-boyhood-memories/article_c492eb38-6afa-5332-9356-df98d0763973.html
|title='All that is evil': 2017 white nationalist rally revived boyhood memories
of Nazi Germany for retired UVA scholar |last=Martz |first=Michael
|date=2017-08-09 |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch |language=en
|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Schudel |first=Matt
|date=2020-03-04 |title=Henry J. Abraham, U-Va. professor, scholar of Supreme
Court history, dies at 98
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/henry-j-abraham-u-va-professor-scholar-of-supreme-court-history-dies-at-98/2020/03/04/eb32e88c-5d6e-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html
|access-date=2021-01-24 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US}}</ref>
Abraham was born in [[Offenbach am Main|Offenbach]], [[Weimar
Republic]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry J. Abraham, Political Science
|url=https://almanac.upenn.edu/articles/henry-j-abraham-political-science
|access-date=2023-12-15 |website=almanac.upenn.edu |language=en}}</ref> the son
of Frederick and Liesel Kullman Abraham. His family was Jewish. In 1937, Abraham
was sent to the United States to live with relatives during the rise of the
[[Nazi regime]]. His father was arrested on [[Kristallnacht]] and spent two
months in [[Dachau concentration camp]]. In 1939, Abraham was reunited with his
parents and brother Otto, and the family settled in Pittsburgh, PA.<ref
name="obit" /><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.richmond.com/news/local/government-politics/all-that-is-evil-white-nationalist-rally-revived-boyhood-memories/article_c492eb38-6afa-5332-9356-df98d0763973.html
|title='All that is evil': 2017 white nationalist rally revived boyhood memories
of Nazi Germany for retired UVA scholar |last=Martz |first=Michael
|date=2017-08-09 |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch |language=en
|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Schudel |first=Matt
|date=2020-03-04 |title=Henry J. Abraham, U-Va. professor, scholar of Supreme
Court history, dies at 98
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/henry-j-abraham-u-va-professor-scholar-of-supreme-court-history-dies-at-98/2020/03/04/eb32e88c-5d6e-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html
|access-date=2021-01-24 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US}}</ref>
He served in [[World War II]] as an enlisted man and officer in [[U.S. Army
Intelligence]] on duty in Western and Central Europe. He received two [[Service
star|Battle Stars]] and the [[Commendation Medal]]. When the war ended in the
[[European Theater]], Abraham, who was fluent in German, French, and English,
and adequate in Danish, served in a military unit that gathered evidence for use
in the [[Nuremberg Trials|Nuremberg War Crimes Trials]].{{citation
needed|date=July 2013}}
He served in [[World War II]] as an enlisted man and officer in [[U.S. Army
Intelligence]] on duty in Western and Central Europe. He received two [[Service
star|Battle Stars]] and the [[Commendation Medal]]. When the war ended in the
[[European Theater]], Abraham, who was fluent in German, French, and English,
and adequate in Danish, served in a military unit that gathered evidence for use
in the [[Nuremberg Trials|Nuremberg War Crimes Trials]].{{citation
needed|date=July 2013}}
In 1948, Abraham graduated from [[Kenyon College]] in Ohio with a bachelor's
degree with highest honors in political science, first in his class, ''[[summa
cum laude]]'' and [[Phi Beta Kappa]]. He earned his M.A. in public law and
government from [[Columbia University]] in 1949, and he received his Ph.D. in
political science from the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in 1952, where he
began his teaching career.
In 1948, Abraham graduated from [[Kenyon College]] in Ohio with a bachelor's
degree with highest honors in political science, first in his class, ''[[summa
cum laude]]'' and [[Phi Beta Kappa]]. He earned his M.A. in public law and
government from [[Columbia University]] in 1949, and he received his Ph.D. in
political science from the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in 1952, where he
began his teaching career.
==Career==
==Career==
After serving in the University of Pennsylvania's Department of Political
Science for 23 years (1949–1972), Abraham became a chaired professor in the
Department of Government and Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia in
1972. A pioneer in comparative judicial studies, he served as a [[Fulbright
Scholar]] in Denmark at the Universities of [[University of
Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] and [[University of Aarhus|Aarhus]], where he was
instrumental in establishing the country's first Department of Political
Science. He lectured throughout the world under [[U.S.I.A.]] auspices. He
retired from full-time teaching in 1997 after nearly a half-century in the
classroom, but he continued to teach in lifelong learning programs in
[[Charlottesville, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=In
Memoriam: Henry Abraham, Brilliant Judicial Scholar and Legendary Lecturer {{!}}
UVA Today
|url=https://news.virginia.edu/content/memoriam-henry-abraham-brilliant-judicial-scholar-and-legendary-lecturer
|access-date=2023-12-15 |website=news.virginia.edu |language=en}}</ref> he died
in 2020
After serving in the University of Pennsylvania's Department of Political
Science for 23 years (1949–1972), Abraham became a chaired professor in the
Department of Government and Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia in
1972. A pioneer in comparative judicial studies, he served as a [[Fulbright
Scholar]] in Denmark at the Universities of [[University of
Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] and [[University of Aarhus|Aarhus]], where he was
instrumental in establishing the country's first Department of Political
Science. He lectured throughout the world under [[U.S.I.A.]] auspices. He
retired from full-time teaching in 1997 after nearly a half-century in the
classroom, but he continued to teach in lifelong learning programs in
[[Charlottesville, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=In
Memoriam: Henry Abraham, Brilliant Judicial Scholar and Legendary Lecturer {{!}}
UVA Today
|url=https://news.virginia.edu/content/memoriam-henry-abraham-brilliant-judicial-scholar-and-legendary-lecturer
|access-date=2023-12-15 |website=news.virginia.edu |language=en}}</ref>
==Notable students==
==Notable students==
During the span of his career, Abraham taught many notable students, including
U.S. Senator [[Arlen Specter]] (D.-Penn.); Judge [[Edward R. Becker]], U.S.
Third Circuit Court of Appeals; Judge [[Susan J. Dlott]], Chief Judge, U.S.
District Court in Ohio; Judge [[John Roll]], U.S. District Court in Arizona;
Judge [[Charles R. Weiner]], U.S. District Court in Pennsylvania; Judge Mark S.
Davis, U.S. District Court in Virginia; Judge [[Stefan R. Underhill]], U.S.
District Court in Connecticut; Chief Justice [[Leroy Rountree Hassell, Sr.]],
Virginia Supreme Court; Justice [[Elizabeth B. Lacy]], Virginia Supreme Court;
author and professor [[Larry Sabato|Larry J. Sabato]]; author and professor
[[Barbara A. Perry]]; author and professor [[David Yalof|David A. Yalof]];
attorney and Pennsylvania State Rep. [[Mark B. Cohen]]; author and Law professor
[[Vincent Martin Bonventre]]; author and professor [[David Cingranelli]]; author
and professor [[Bruce Allen Murphy]]; author and professor [[Robert Sitkoff]];
and author [[John Aloysius Farrell]], the biographer of [[Clarence Darrow]].
During the span of his career, Abraham taught many notable students, including
U.S. Senator [[Arlen Specter]] (D.-Penn.); Judge [[Edward R. Becker]], U.S.
Third Circuit Court of Appeals; Judge [[Susan J. Dlott]], Chief Judge, U.S.
District Court in Ohio; Judge [[John Roll]], U.S. District Court in Arizona;
Judge [[Charles R. Weiner]], U.S. District Court in Pennsylvania; Judge Mark S.
Davis, U.S. District Court in Virginia; Judge [[Stefan R. Underhill]], U.S.
District Court in Connecticut; Chief Justice [[Leroy Rountree Hassell, Sr.]],
Virginia Supreme Court; Justice [[Elizabeth B. Lacy]], Virginia Supreme Court;
author and professor [[Larry Sabato|Larry J. Sabato]]; author and professor
[[Barbara A. Perry]]; author and professor [[David Yalof|David A. Yalof]];
attorney and Pennsylvania State Rep. [[Mark B. Cohen]]; author and Law professor
[[Vincent Martin Bonventre]]; author and professor [[David Cingranelli]]; author
and professor [[Bruce Allen Murphy]]; author and professor [[Robert Sitkoff]];
and author [[John Aloysius Farrell]], the biographer of [[Clarence Darrow]].
==Selected publications==
==Selected publications==
Line 40: Line 40:
==Awards and honors==
==Awards and honors==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:AbrahamWestminster crop.jpg|thumb|left|Henry
Abraham in 2009]] -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:AbrahamWestminster crop.jpg|thumb|left|Henry
Abraham in 2009]] -->
In 1983 Abraham was awarded the University of Virginia's most prestigious
recognition, the Thomas Jefferson Award, and in 1993 he received the First
Lifetime Achievement Award of the Organized Section on Law and Courts of the
American Political Science Association. The [[Daughters of the American
Revolution]] (DAR) awarded him their 2007 Annual Award for Americanism at their
national headquarters, Constitution Hall, in Washington, D.C. Other awards
include the recipient of the first $1,000 award for "Excellence in Undergraduate
Teaching," University of Pennsylvania, 1959; Phi Beta Kappa National Visiting
Scholar, 1970–1971; "IMP" Society, Outstanding Contribution to the University
Community Award for 1978, University of Virginia; "Z" Society, Distinguished
Faculty Award for 1978, the University of Virginia; the 1983 Distinguished
Service Award, Virginia Social Science Association; and the 1986 University of
Virginia Alumni Association Distinguished Professor Award. Two scholarships were
given in Abraham's name at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School and
its Department of Political Science. He is listed in ''Who's Who in the World'',
and ''Who's Who in America'', and others.
In 1983 Abraham was awarded the University of Virginia's most prestigious
recognition, the Thomas Jefferson Award, and in 1993 he received the First
Lifetime Achievement Award of the Organized Section on Law and Courts of the
American Political Science Association. The [[Daughters of the American
Revolution]] (DAR) awarded him their 2007 Annual Award for Americanism at their
national headquarters, Constitution Hall, in Washington, D.C. Other awards
include the recipient of the first $1,000 award for "Excellence in Undergraduate
Teaching," University of Pennsylvania, 1959; Phi Beta Kappa National Visiting
Scholar, 1970–1971; "IMP" Society, Outstanding Contribution to the University
Community Award for 1978, University of Virginia; "Z" Society, Distinguished
Faculty Award for 1978, the University of Virginia; the 1983 Distinguished
Service Award, Virginia Social Science Association; and the 1986 University of
Virginia Alumni Association Distinguished Professor Award. Two scholarships were
given in Abraham's name at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School and
its Department of Political Science. He is listed in ''Who's Who in the World'',
and ''Who's Who in America'', and others.
In his honor, Professor Abraham's former students and colleagues established the
Abraham Distinguished Lecture Series at the [[University of Virginia School of
Law]] in 1997 under the auspices of the [[Thomas Jefferson Center for the
Protection of Free Expression]].
In his honor, Professor Abraham's former students and colleagues established the
Abraham Distinguished Lecture Series at the [[University of Virginia School of
Law]] in 1997 under the auspices of the [[Thomas Jefferson Center for the
Protection of Free Expression]].
Abraham Lecturers have included Chief Justice [[William H. Rehnquist]] of the
U.S. Supreme Court; Judge [[J. Harvie Wilkinson]] III, 4th U.S. Circuit Court of
Appeals; Chief Justice [[Leroy Rountree Hassell, Sr.]], Virginia Supreme Court;
General [[William K. Suter]] Clerk, U.S. Supreme Court; Dean and Professor
[[John Calvin Jeffries|John Jeffries]], University of Virginia School of Law;
Dean [[Kenneth Starr]], [[Pepperdine University School of Law]]; [[Theodore
Olson]], attorney with [[Gibson, Dunn, and Crutcher]]; Professor [[Linda
Greenhouse]], [[Yale Law School]]; [[Joan Biskupic]], USA Today; [[Jan Crawford
Greenburg]], ABC News; and Professor Tinsley Yarbrough, East Carolina
University. Associate Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] of the U.S. Supreme Court was
the 2010 Abraham Lecturer. Professor [[Nadine Strossen]], [[American Civil
Liberties Union]] President (1991–2008), delivered the Abraham Lecture on April
1, 2011.
Abraham Lecturers have included Chief Justice [[William H. Rehnquist]] of the
U.S. Supreme Court; Judge [[J. Harvie Wilkinson]] III, 4th U.S. Circuit Court of
Appeals; Chief Justice [[Leroy Rountree Hassell, Sr.]], Virginia Supreme Court;
General [[William K. Suter]] Clerk, U.S. Supreme Court; Dean and Professor
[[John Calvin Jeffries|John Jeffries]], University of Virginia School of Law;
Dean [[Kenneth Starr]], [[Pepperdine University School of Law]]; [[Theodore
Olson]], attorney with [[Gibson, Dunn, and Crutcher]]; Professor [[Linda
Greenhouse]], [[Yale Law School]]; [[Joan Biskupic]], USA Today; [[Jan Crawford
Greenburg]], ABC News; and Professor Tinsley Yarbrough, East Carolina
University. Associate Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] of the U.S. Supreme Court was
the 2010 Abraham Lecturer. Professor [[Nadine Strossen]], [[American Civil
Liberties Union]] President (1991–2008), delivered the Abraham Lecture on April
1, 2011.
His alma mater Kenyon College, calling Professor Abraham the most loyal donor in
its history (having contributed every year since 1955), created the Henry J.
Abraham Society to recognize steadfast and repeated alumni support.<ref>{{Cite
web
|url=https://forward.kenyon.edu/ways-to-give/kenyon-fund/henry-j-abraham-society/|title=
Kenyon College Henry J. Abraham Award |language=en
|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref>
His alma mater Kenyon College, calling Professor Abraham the most loyal donor in
its history (having contributed every year since 1955), created the Henry J.
Abraham Society to recognize steadfast and repeated alumni support.<ref>{{Cite
web
|url=https://forward.kenyon.edu/ways-to-give/kenyon-fund/henry-j-abraham-society/|title=
Kenyon College Henry J. Abraham Award |language=en
|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref>
fixing infobox and removing deprecated parameters; Cleaning up syntax using
indent.js
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{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]]
| name = Joseph Anderson
| name = Joseph Anderson
| image = File:Captain Joseph Anderson.jpg
| image = File:Captain Joseph Anderson.jpg
| caption = Captain Joseph Anderson in 1863.
| caption = Captain Joseph Anderson in 1863.
| birth_date = {{birth date|1826|08|20}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1826|08|20}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1879|06|23|1826|08|20}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1879|06|23|1826|08|20}}
| birth_place = [[Steubenville, Ohio]]
| birth_place = [[Steubenville, Ohio]]
| death_place = [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]
| death_place = [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]
| placeofburial = Fairlawn Cemetery, [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]
| burial_place = Fairlawn Cemetery, [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]
| allegiance = {{flagicon|USA|1861}} [[United States]]<br>{{flagicon|Minnesota}}
[[Minnesota]]
| allegiance = {{flagicon|USA|1861}} [[United States]]<br>{{flagicon|Minnesota}}
[[Minnesota]]
| branch = [[Union Army]]
| branch = [[Union Army]]
| serviceyears = *1846-1847
| service_years = *1846-1847
*1862-1863
*1862-1863
| rank = [[File:Union army cpt rank insignia.jpg|35px]] [[Captain (United
States)|Captain]]
| rank = [[File:Union army cpt rank insignia.jpg|35px]] [[Captain (United
States)|Captain]]
| unit = *[[Cullen Frontier Guard]]
| unit = *[[Cullen Frontier Guard]]
*[[1st Minnesota Cavalry Regiment]]
*[[1st Minnesota Cavalry Regiment]]
| commands = *Company A, [[Cullen Frontier Guard]]
| commands = *Company A, [[Cullen Frontier Guard]]
*Company G, [[1st Minnesota Cavalry Regiment]]
*Company G, [[1st Minnesota Cavalry Regiment]]
| battles = *[[Mexican-American War]]
| battles = *[[Mexican-American War]]
*[[Dakota War of 1862]]
*[[Dakota War of 1862]]
**[[Battles of New Ulm]]
**[[Battles of New Ulm]]
Protests
← Previous revision Revision as of 05:01, 4 May 2026 Line 20: Line 20:
One ICE agent, according to witnesses, "came out pointing [[Pepper spray|pepper
spray]] at everyone" during the protest as other ICE agents dragged Okeke in
handcuffs on the floor.<ref name=abc7f /> The ICE agent then sprayed a group of
protesters.<ref name=abc7f /> The use of pepper spray was confirmed by an NYPD
spokesperson, who said two officers had to be treated at the hospital due to
injuries from the pepper spray used by ICE.<ref name=abc7f /> While Okeke was on
the floor, clashes began between protesters and police, resulting in nine
arrests. NYPD officers and protesters were injured during the clashes.<ref
name=amny>{{cite news |last=Moses |first=Dean |title=ICE at hospital: Masked
agents drag man from medical center in Brooklyn, New Yorkers and cops injured in
pepper spray chaos
|url=https://www.amny.com/news/ice-agents-brooklyn-hospital-raid/
|work=amNewYork |publisher=Schneps Media |date=May 3, 2026 |access-date=May 3,
2026}}</ref>
One ICE agent, according to witnesses, "came out pointing [[Pepper spray|pepper
spray]] at everyone" during the protest as other ICE agents dragged Okeke in
handcuffs on the floor.<ref name=abc7f /> The ICE agent then sprayed a group of
protesters.<ref name=abc7f /> The use of pepper spray was confirmed by an NYPD
spokesperson, who said two officers had to be treated at the hospital due to
injuries from the pepper spray used by ICE.<ref name=abc7f /> While Okeke was on
the floor, clashes began between protesters and police, resulting in nine
arrests. NYPD officers and protesters were injured during the clashes.<ref
name=amny>{{cite news |last=Moses |first=Dean |title=ICE at hospital: Masked
agents drag man from medical center in Brooklyn, New Yorkers and cops injured in
pepper spray chaos
|url=https://www.amny.com/news/ice-agents-brooklyn-hospital-raid/
|work=amNewYork |publisher=Schneps Media |date=May 3, 2026 |access-date=May 3,
2026}}</ref>
At around 2:15AM, protesters blocked the ambulance bay where ICE agents were
attempting to leave.<ref name=nyt /> [[New York City Council]] member [[Sandy
Nurse]] said "What I witnessed during discharge appeared to be direct
coordination between ICE and the NYPD, with officers cordoning off the ambulance
bay to allow ICE to move the individual into their vehicle and leave.<ref
name=opt /> ICE agents pulled Okeke into the vehicle and sped through the crowd,
hitting and knocking one protester to the ground.<ref name=amny /><ref name=cbs
/>
At around 2:15AM, protesters blocked the ambulance bay where ICE agents were
attempting to leave with Okeke.<ref name=nyt /> [[New York City Council]] member
[[Sandy Nurse]] said "What I witnessed during discharge appeared to be direct
coordination between ICE and the NYPD, with officers cordoning off the ambulance
bay to allow ICE to move the individual into their vehicle and leave.<ref
name=opt /> ICE agents pulled Okeke into the vehicle and sped through the crowd,
hitting and knocking one protester to the ground.<ref name=amny /><ref name=cbs
/>
The crowd dispersed from the hospital between 2:30<ref name=cbs /> and 5AM.<ref
name=opt>{{cite news |title=Multiple ICE protesters arrested during
demonstration outside Wyckoff Medical Center
|url=https://brooklyn.news12.com/multiple-ice-protesters-arrested-during-demonstration-outside-wyckoff-medical-center
|work=News 12 Brooklyn |date=May 3, 2026 |access-date=May 3, 2026 |author=News
12 Staff}}</ref> Eight protesters arrested were charged by police with
[[Mischief|criminal mischief]] and obstructing governmental administration, with
the ninth person arrested receiving [[Summons|court summons]].<ref name=abc7f />
The [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland
Security]] accused protesters of damaging "several ICE vehicles" and assaulting
ICE agents, which is not substantiated by other reporting.<ref name=cbs />
The crowd dispersed from the hospital between 2:30<ref name=cbs /> and 5AM.<ref
name=opt>{{cite news |title=Multiple ICE protesters arrested during
demonstration outside Wyckoff Medical Center
|url=https://brooklyn.news12.com/multiple-ice-protesters-arrested-during-demonstration-outside-wyckoff-medical-center
|work=News 12 Brooklyn |date=May 3, 2026 |access-date=May 3, 2026 |author=News
12 Staff}}</ref> Eight protesters arrested were charged by police with
[[Mischief|criminal mischief]] and obstructing governmental administration, with
the ninth person arrested receiving [[Summons|court summons]].<ref name=abc7f />
The [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland
Security]] accused protesters of damaging "several ICE vehicles" and assaulting
ICE agents, which is not substantiated by other reporting.<ref name=cbs />
fixing infobox and removing deprecated parameters; Cleaning up syntax using
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← Previous revision Revision as of 05:01, 4 May 2026 Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Ojibwe WWI soldier}}
{{Short description|Ojibwe WWI soldier}}
⚫
{{Infobox military person
⚫
{{Infobox military person
|name= Joseph Ackabee
|name= Joseph Ackabee
|image=
|image=
Line 12: Line 11:
|birth_place= [[Eagle Lake (Ontario)|Eagle Lake]], Kenora District, Ontario,
Canada
|birth_place= [[Eagle Lake (Ontario)|Eagle Lake]], Kenora District, Ontario,
Canada
|death_place= [[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]], Manitoba, Canada
|death_place= [[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]], Manitoba, Canada
|placeofburial= Assumption Roman Catholic Cemetery, Winnipeg, Manitoba
|burial_place= Assumption Roman Catholic Cemetery, Winnipeg, Manitoba
|nickname=
|nickname=
|allegiance= {{flagu|Canada}}
|allegiance= {{flagu|Canada}}
|branch= [[Canadian Machine Gun Corps]]<br/>[[Canadian Expeditionary Force]]
|branch= [[Canadian Machine Gun Corps]]<br/>[[Canadian Expeditionary Force]]
|serviceyears= 1915–1919
|service_years= 1915–1919
|rank= [[Private (rank)|Private]]
|rank= [[Private (rank)|Private]]
|unit= [[94th Battalion (New Ontario), CEF|94th Battalion]]<br/>[[17th Battalion
(Nova Scotia Highlanders), CEF|17th Reserve Battalion]]<br/>[[28th Battalion
(Northwest), CEF|28th Battalion]]<br/>[[Royal Canadian Regiment#Great War|2nd
Battalion]]
|unit= [[94th Battalion (New Ontario), CEF|94th Battalion]]<br/>[[17th Battalion
(Nova Scotia Highlanders), CEF|17th Reserve Battalion]]<br/>[[28th Battalion
(Northwest), CEF|28th Battalion]]<br/>[[Royal Canadian Regiment#Great War|2nd
Battalion]]
Line 24: Line 23:
|children= 6, including Stanley Ackabee
|children= 6, including Stanley Ackabee
|relations= Michael Ackabee (brother)
|relations= Michael Ackabee (brother)
|laterwork= [[Indian Lake Lumber Company]]
|other_work= [[Indian Lake Lumber Company]]
}}
}}
'''Joseph Ackabee''' (July 1, 1895 – November 26, 1973) was an [[Ojibwe]]
veteran of [[World War I]] who served with the [[Canadian Expeditionary Force]],
being the first Indigenous person from the [[Kenora District]] to be enlisted to
it.
'''Joseph Ackabee''' (July 1, 1895 – November 26, 1973) was an [[Ojibwe]]
veteran of [[World War I]] who served with the [[Canadian Expeditionary Force]],
being the first Indigenous person from the [[Kenora District]] to be enlisted to
it.
← Previous revision Revision as of 05:01, 4 May 2026 Line 16: Line 16:
Filmov Festival Karlovy Vary<ref>{{Cite web |title=KVIFF {{!}} Ten Minutes Older
|url=https://www.kviff.com/en/programme/film/50/25904-ten-minutes-older
|access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.kviff.com |language=cs}}</ref>
Filmov Festival Karlovy Vary<ref>{{Cite web |title=KVIFF {{!}} Ten Minutes Older
|url=https://www.kviff.com/en/programme/film/50/25904-ten-minutes-older
|access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.kviff.com |language=cs}}</ref>
RIga Film Studio<ref>{{Citation |title=Riga Film Studio |date=2026-01-25
|work=Wikipedia
|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riga_Film_Studio&oldid=1334772190
|access-date=2026-04-26 |language=en}}</ref>
Riga Film Studio<ref>{{Citation |title=Riga Film Studio |date=2026-01-25
|work=Wikipedia
|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riga_Film_Studio&oldid=1334772190
|access-date=2026-04-26 |language=en}}</ref>
[[Category:Wikipedia Student Program]]
[[Category:Wikipedia Student Program]]
Lowercased “odeon”/“odeum” as in the body the article as it refers to a building
type
← Previous revision Revision as of 05:01, 4 May 2026 Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Ancient concert hall for performances and competitions}}
{{Short description|Ancient concert hall for performances and competitions}}
[[File:Ephesus odeon.JPG|thumb|[[Ephesus]] Odeon, [[Turkey]]]]
[[File:Ephesus odeon.JPG|thumb|[[Odeon of Ephesus]], [[Turkey]]]]
'''Odeon''' or '''Odeum''' ({{Langx|grc|ᾨδεῖον}}, {{Lang|grc-Latn|Ōideion}},
<small>lit.</small> "singing place") is the name for several ancient [[Ancient
Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] buildings built for musical activities
such as singing, musical shows, and poetry competitions. Odeons were smaller
than [[List of ancient Greek theatres|Greek]] and [[Roman theatre
(structure)|Roman]] theatres.{{clarify|reason=This is not a satisfactory
definition, which is a must for a lead. The elements seem to be: a) Smaller than
a theatre. What about the Odeon of Herodes Atticus (5000 seats)? B) Purpose: not
theatre plays, but poetry and music. Seems essential. C) Has a roof, which
improves the acoustics: is that a MUST? If so, then it belongs in the lead; now
it's only 1 section below.|date= February 2022}}
An '''odeon''', also written '''odeion''' or '''odeum''' (from
{{langx|grc|ᾠδεῖον|ōideîon|lit=singing place}}; {{langx|la|ōdēum}}), is a type
of ancient [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] building used for
musical activities such as singing, musical shows, and poetry competitions.
These structures were smaller than [[List of ancient Greek theatres|Greek]] and
[[Roman theatre (structure)|Roman]] theatres.{{clarify|reason=This is not a
satisfactory definition, which is a must for a lead. The elements seem to be: a)
Smaller than a theatre. What about the Odeon of Herodes Atticus (5000 seats)? B)
Purpose: not theatre plays, but poetry and music. Seems essential. C) Has a
roof, which improves the acoustics: is that a MUST? If so, then it belongs in
the lead; now it's only 1 section below.|date= February 2022}}
==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The ancient Greek word {{Lang|grc|ᾨδεῖον}} comes from the verb
{{Lang|grc|ἀείδω}} ({{Lang|grc|aeidō}}, "I sing") which is also the root of
{{Lang|grc|ᾠδή}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|ōidē}}, "[[ode]]") and of {{Lang|grc|ἀοιδός}}
({{Lang|grc-Latn|[[aoidos]]}}, "singer").
The ancient Greek word {{Lang|grc|ᾠδεῖον}} comes from the verb
{{Lang|grc|ἀείδω}} ({{Lang|grc|aeidō}}, "I sing") which is also the root of
{{Lang|grc|ᾠδή}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|ōidē}}, "[[ode]]") and of {{Lang|grc|ἀοιδός}}
({{Lang|grc-Latn|[[aoidos]]}}, "singer").
==Description==
==Description==
another excerpt
← Previous revision Revision as of 05:01, 4 May 2026 Line 252: Line 252:
{{excerpt|China–Spain relations#Public opinion}}
{{excerpt|China–Spain relations#Public opinion}}
====Sweden====
{{excerpt|China–Sweden relations#Public opinion}}
====United Kingdom====
====United Kingdom====
{{See also|British Chinese|3=Opium Wars}}
{{See also|British Chinese|3=Opium Wars}}
fixing infobox and removing deprecated parameters; Cleaning up syntax using
indent.js
← Previous revision Revision as of 05:01, 4 May 2026 Line 6: Line 6:
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|02|26|1929|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite news
|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/breaking-ex-briafan-solder-col-joseph-achuzie-hannibal-dies-90/
|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Breaking: Ex-Briafan soldier, Col. Joseph Achuzie
'' Hannibal '' dies at 90 |date=2018-02-26
|access-date=2018-02-26|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|02|26|1929|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite news
|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/breaking-ex-briafan-solder-col-joseph-achuzie-hannibal-dies-90/
|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Breaking: Ex-Briafan soldier, Col. Joseph Achuzie
'' Hannibal '' dies at 90 |date=2018-02-26
|access-date=2018-02-26|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Asaba]], [[Nigeria]]
| death_place = [[Asaba]], [[Nigeria]]
| placeofburial =
| burial_place =
| image =
| image =
| signature =
| signature =
Line 16: Line 16:
}}
}}
| branch =
| branch =
| serviceyears = 1960s –1970
| service_years = 1960s –1970
| rank = [[Colonel]]
| rank = [[Colonel]]
| commands = Biafran 11th Division<br />Biafran 11th Battalion<br />Biafran S
Division
| commands = Biafran 11th Division<br />Biafran 11th Battalion<br />Biafran S
Division