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:{{Re|Akshit Tyagi-12}} Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! If your changes are
supported by [[WP:reliable sources|reliable sources]], you can make the change
and [[H:CITE|add the source as a citation]]. If by "they are just to look nice"
you're referring to [[WP:copy editing|copy editing]], then yes, that is
absolutely allowed! If you just want to experiment with editing, you can use the
[[WP:sandbox|sandbox]], or [[User:Akahit Tyagi-12/sandbox|create your personal
sandbox]] [[User:lp0 on fire|<span
style="color:#c56030;background:inherit;">lp0 on fire</span>]] [[User
talk:lp0 on fire|<span style="color:#64cea0;background:inherit">()</span>]]
18:27, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
:{{Re|Akshit Tyagi-12}} Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! If your changes are
supported by [[WP:reliable sources|reliable sources]], you can make the change
and [[H:CITE|add the source as a citation]]. If by "they are just to look nice"
you're referring to [[WP:copy editing|copy editing]], then yes, that is
absolutely allowed! If you just want to experiment with editing, you can use the
[[WP:sandbox|sandbox]], or [[User:Akahit Tyagi-12/sandbox|create your personal
sandbox]] [[User:lp0 on fire|<span
style="color:#c56030;background:inherit;">lp0 on fire</span>]] [[User
talk:lp0 on fire|<span style="color:#64cea0;background:inherit">()</span>]]
18:27, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
== Question from [[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] (03:12, 8 March
2026) ==
Another question, can you help check on the 67th Illinois Infantry Regiment?
incase i got something wrong, cheers.
--[[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] ([[User
talk:SomeRandomGuy3523|talk]]) 03:12, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
:All looks good to me! I'm by no means an expert in military history though, and
I don't know if what you're citing is a reliable source. Have you considered
signing up to [[WP:WikiProject Military history|WikiProject Military history]]?
It's one of the more active projects so it's likely to be able to give you
better advice than I can. [[User:lp0 on fire|<span
style="color:#c56030;background:inherit;">lp0 on fire</span>]] [[User
talk:lp0 on fire|<span style="color:#64cea0;background:inherit">()</span>]]
11:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
== Question from [[User:Notthesundancekid|Notthesundancekid]] on [[Sonya
Cassidy]] (22:28, 9 March 2026) ==
== Question from [[User:Notthesundancekid|Notthesundancekid]] on [[Sonya
Cassidy]] (22:28, 9 March 2026) ==
Added links to a few people's Wikipedia pages.
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 33: Line 33:
== Haldane in Berlin ==
== Haldane in Berlin ==
[[File:Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany - 1902.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Wilhelm II.]]
[[File:Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany - 1902.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Wilhelm II.]]
Accompanied by his nephew J. B. S. Haldane and von Cassel, Haldane traveled to
Germany under the guise of a university matter. He arrived on February 8, 1912
in Berlin.<ref>T. G. Otte: ''Statesman of Europe: A Life of Sir Edward Grey.''
Allen Lane, London, 2020, p. 432.</ref> There he first had a friendly initial
meeting with Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg.<ref>Wolfgang Mommsen:
''Großmachtstellung und Weltpolitik 1870–1914. Die Außenpolitik des Deutschen
Reiches.'' Berlin 1993, p. 234.</ref>
Accompanied by his nephew [[J. B. S. Haldane]] and von Cassel, Haldane traveled
to Germany under the guise of a university matter. He arrived on February 8,
1912 in Berlin.<ref>T. G. Otte: ''Statesman of Europe: A Life of Sir Edward
Grey.'' Allen Lane, London, 2020, p. 432.</ref> There he first had a friendly
initial meeting with Chancellor [[Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg|Bethmann
Hollweg]].<ref>Wolfgang Mommsen: ''Großmachtstellung und Weltpolitik 1870–1914.
Die Außenpolitik des Deutschen Reiches.'' Berlin 1993, p. 234.</ref>
The following day, Haldane met with Kaiser Wilhelm II for lunch, followed by a
discussion between him, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and Admiral Tirpitz.<ref>E. L.
Woodward: ''Great Britain and the German Navy.'' Routledge, London 1935,
p. 331.</ref> Tirpitz remained inflexible and refused to abandon the naval
expansion under any circumstances; he was at most willing to temporarily suspend
and extend the construction program. He offered to postpone the start of
construction of the first additional ship until 1913, rather than 1912. Tirpitz
presented Haldane with a number of reasons that (in his view) made it impossible
for Germany to abandon the naval expansion. Haldane, who, according to Wolfgang
Mommsen's interpretation, saw himself as an emissary tasked with exploratory
talks and initially only supposed to ascertain the German side's offers, made no
comment on this.<ref>Klaus Hildebrand: ''Das Vergangene Reich: Deutsche
Außenpolitik von Bismarck bis Hitler 1871-1945.'' De Gruyter Ouldenbourg,
München 2008, p. 273.</ref> From Mommsen's perspective, this was a mistake,
as Wilhelm and Tirpitz gained the (erroneous) impression that their meager
concessions were already sufficient.<ref>Wolfgang Mommsen: ''Großmachtstellung
und Weltpolitik 1870–1914. Die Außenpolitik des Deutschen Reiches.'' Berlin
1993, p. 235.</ref> According to the German historian Rainer F. Schmidt,
however, Haldane was concerned with the specific demand for "a waiver of the
planned three additional battleships or at least a slowdown of the German
construction program to twelve instead of six".<ref>Rainer F. Schmidt:
''Kaiserdämmerung: Berlin, London, Paris, St. Petersburg und der Weg in den
Untergang.'' Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2021, ISBN 978-3-608-11683-0 (E-Book),
p. 629.</ref> During the negotiations, the British side (including Haldane
himself) assured France that the ongoing negotiations were about détente, not
about an alliance with Germany against France.<ref>Christopher Clark: ''The
Sleepwalkers. How Europe Went to War in 1914.'' Allen Lane, London u. a. 2012,
p. 319 f.</ref>
The following day, Haldane met with Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]] for lunch, followed by
a discussion between him, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and Admiral Tirpitz.<ref>E. L.
Woodward: ''Great Britain and the German Navy.'' Routledge, London 1935,
p. 331.</ref> Tirpitz remained inflexible and refused to abandon the naval
expansion under any circumstances; he was at most willing to temporarily suspend
and extend the construction program. He offered to postpone the start of
construction of the first additional ship until 1913, rather than 1912. Tirpitz
presented Haldane with a number of reasons that (in his view) made it impossible
for Germany to abandon the naval expansion. Haldane, who, according to Wolfgang
Mommsen's interpretation, saw himself as an emissary tasked with exploratory
talks and initially only supposed to ascertain the German side's offers, made no
comment on this.<ref>Klaus Hildebrand: ''Das Vergangene Reich: Deutsche
Außenpolitik von Bismarck bis Hitler 1871-1945.'' De Gruyter Ouldenbourg,
München 2008, p. 273.</ref> From Mommsen's perspective, this was a mistake,
as Wilhelm and Tirpitz gained the (erroneous) impression that their meager
concessions were already sufficient.<ref>Wolfgang Mommsen: ''Großmachtstellung
und Weltpolitik 1870–1914. Die Außenpolitik des Deutschen Reiches.'' Berlin
1993, p. 235.</ref> According to the German historian Rainer F. Schmidt,
however, Haldane was concerned with the specific demand for "a waiver of the
planned three additional battleships or at least a slowdown of the German
construction program to twelve instead of six".<ref>Rainer F. Schmidt:
''Kaiserdämmerung: Berlin, London, Paris, St. Petersburg und der Weg in den
Untergang.'' Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2021, ISBN 978-3-608-11683-0 (E-Book),
p. 629.</ref> During the negotiations, the British side (including Haldane
himself) assured France that the ongoing negotiations were about détente, not
about an alliance with Germany against France.<ref>Christopher Clark: ''The
Sleepwalkers. How Europe Went to War in 1914.'' Allen Lane, London u. a. 2012,
p. 319 f.</ref>
That evening, Haldane met again with Bethmann Hollweg on
Wilhelmstrasse.<ref>John C. G. Röhl: ''Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and
Exile, 1900–1941'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2017,
p. 853 f.</ref> Exploratory talks on colonial agreements and the
Baghdad Railway went well. The key issue, a mutual neutrality agreement in the
event of a European war, again failed to reach a definitive agreement. Haldane
proposed a political formula in which both powers would commit themselves not to
launch an unprovoked attack against each other and not to join any alliances
that were aggressive towards the other. Germany, however, insisted on a
guarantee of neutrality. Haldane returned to London on February 10. Bethmann
Hollweg gave him a confidential copy of the planned new naval amendment. <ref>T.
G. Otte: ''Statesman of Europe: A Life of Sir Edward Grey.'' Allen Lane, London,
2020, p. 433.</ref>
That evening, Haldane met again with Bethmann Hollweg on
Wilhelmstrasse.<ref>John C. G. Röhl: ''Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and
Exile, 1900–1941'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2017,
p. 853 f.</ref> Exploratory talks on colonial agreements and the
Baghdad Railway went well. The key issue, a mutual neutrality agreement in the
event of a European war, again failed to reach a definitive agreement. Haldane
proposed a political formula in which both powers would commit themselves not to
launch an unprovoked attack against each other and not to join any alliances
that were aggressive towards the other. Germany, however, insisted on a
guarantee of neutrality. Haldane returned to London on February 10. Bethmann
Hollweg gave him a confidential copy of the planned new naval amendment. <ref>T.
G. Otte: ''Statesman of Europe: A Life of Sir Edward Grey.'' Allen Lane, London,
2020, p. 433.</ref>
New list
New page
{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2026}}
[[Barmston, East Riding of Yorkshire|Barmston]] is a [[Civil parishes in
England|civil parish]] in the county of the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]],
England. It contains 14 [[Listed building#England and Wales|listed buildings]]
that are recorded in the [[National Heritage List for England]]. Of these, one
is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at
Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the
lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Barmston and [[Fraisthorpe]]
and the surrounding countryside. The listed buildings consist of a church,
houses, farmhouses and a farm building, former almshouses, a chapel, and five
pillboxes from the First World War.
__NOTOC__
==Key==
{{GeoGroup}}
{| class="wikitable
|-
! Grade
! Criteria<ref>{{harvnb|Historic England|2024}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" {{Grade I colour}}|I
| Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally
important
|-
|align="center" {{Grade II* colour}}|II*
| Particularly important buildings of more than special interest
|-
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|II
| Buildings of national importance and special interest
|}
==Buildings==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; border:0px;
text-align:left; line-height:150%"
! scope="col" style="width:150px" |Name and location
! scope="col" style="width:100px" class="unsortable"|Photograph
! scope="col" style="width:120px" |Date
! scope="col" style="width:650px" class="unsortable"|Notes
! scope="col" style="width:50px" |Grade
|-
|All Saints' Church<br
/><small>{{coord|54.01279|-0.23658|region:GB_type:landmark|name= All Saints'
Church}}</small>
|[[File:All Saints Church, Barmston - geograph.org.uk -
810705.jpg|100px|centre]]
|align="center"|{{sort|1150|12th century}}
|The church has been altered and extended through the centuries. It is built in
cobble and stone with a Welsh [[slate]] roof, and consists of a [[nave]], a
south [[aisle#Church architecture|aisle]], a south porch, a [[chancel]] and a
west tower. The tower has two stages, a two-light [[Perpendicular
Gothic|Perpendicular]] west window with a [[molding (architecture)|moulded]]
[[hood mould]], a moulded stage band, two-light bell openings, and a pierced
[[embattled]]
[[parapet]].{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|pp=273–274|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1083851|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade I colour}}|{{sort|a|I}}
|-
|Old Hall<br /><small>{{coord|54.01223|-0.23785|region:GB_type:landmark|name=
Old Hall}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|{{sort|1700|Late 17th century (probable)}}
|The house, on a [[moat]]ed site, has been altered and extended through the
years. It is in pinkish-red brick, with cobbles, stone dressings, and a
[[pantile]] roof. It consists of a min range with two storeys, a basement and
attics, and a lower two-storey range to the left. The main range has a
[[chamfer]]ed [[plinth]], [[quoin (architecture)|quoins]], a shaped
[[modillion]] [[eaves]] band, and a swept roof with stone [[coping
(architecture)|copings]], a ball [[finial]], and tumbled-in brickwork on the
left [[gable]]. On the front are two doorways with divided [[fanlight]] in
panelled recesses. Most of the windows are [[mullion]]ed and [[transom
(architecture)|transomed]].{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=274|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1204832|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II* colour}}|{{sort|b|II*}}
|-
|Barmston House<br
/><small>{{coord|54.01424|-0.22966|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Barmston
House}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|{{sort|1700|Late 17th to early 18th century}}
|A rectory, later a private house, that has been extended. It is in colourwashed
brick with roofs of [[pantile]] and Welsh [[slate]], and is in three ranges. The
main range has three storeys and three [[bay (architecture)|bays]], and a rear
stair turret, to the left is a range of two storeys and two bays, and further to
the left is a single-storey two-bay wing. In the centre of the main range is a
projecting porch, and a doorway with [[fluting (architecture)|fluted]]
[[pilaster]]s, a divided [[fanlight]], and an open [[pediment]]. The middle
range has stepped [[eaves]] and a 20th-century doorway, and the roof of the wing
is [[hip roof|hipped]] on the left. There is one [[casement window]], and the
other windows are [[sash
window|sashes]].{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=274|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1204849|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Manor Farmhouse, Fraisthorpe<br
/><small>{{coord|54.03998|-0.24070|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Manor
Farmhouse, Fraisthorpe}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|{{sort|1700|Late 17th to early 18th century (probable)}}
|The farmhouse is in pinkish-red brick, whitewashed on the front, with a floor
band of [[chamfer]]ed brick in rubbed [[modillion]]s, a cogged band below the
[[eaves]], and a swept [[pantile]] roof with brick [[coping
(architecture)|copings]]. There are two storeys and three [[bay
(architecture)|bays]]. The doorway has a [[fanlight]], and the windows are
[[sash window|sashes]], one horizontally sliding. On the [[gable]] ends are
bands, the left gable has a horizontally sliding sash window, and the right
gable has a [[casement window]], both windows with triangular
[[pediment]]s.{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=426|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1083850|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Red Roofs and Pantiles<br
/><small>{{coord|54.01472|-0.22876|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Red Roofs and
Pantiles}}</small>
|[[File:Sands Lane, Barmston - geograph.org.uk - 6543988.jpg|100px|centre]]
|align="center"|1726
|A row of four [[almshouse]]s, later two cottages, in colourwashed brick, with a
stepped [[eaves]] band and a swept [[pantile]] roof with brick kneelers and
[[coping (architecture)|copings]]. There is a single storey with attics, and six
[[bay (architecture)|bays]]. The doorways are on the outer parts, between are
three [[casement window]]s and thee horizontally sliding [[sash window]]s, and
there are two raking
[[dormer]]s.{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=274|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1346429|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|51 Sands Lane<br
/><small>{{coord|54.01544|-0.22498|region:GB_type:landmark|name= 51 Sands
Lane}}</small>
|[[File:Sands Lane, Barmston - geograph.org.uk - 5431777.jpg|100px|centre]]
|align="center"|{{sort|1765|Mid to late 18th century}}
|The house is in reddish-orange brick, with stepped [[eaves]], and a swept
[[pantile]] roof with lead-covered brick [[coping (architecture)|copings]].
There is a single storey and attics, three [[bay (architecture)|bays]], and a
rear range. The doorway is on the left bay, the windows are horizontally sliding
[[sash window|sashes]], and there are three raking
[[dormer]]s.{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=274|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1083810|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Cattle shed, Manor Farmhouse, Barmston<br
/><small>{{coord|54.01480|-0.22799|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Cattle shed,
Manor Farmhouse, Barmston}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|{{sort|1765|Mid to late 18th century}}
|The cattle shed is in herringbone cobble with brick [[galleting]], and red
brick, with a [[dentil]]led [[eaves]] course, and a [[pantile]] roof with brick
[[coping (architecture)|copings]] and tumbled-in brick to the right [[gable]]
end. On the right gable end is a cart entrance, and the other sides are
blank.{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=274|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1204861|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Manor Farmhouse, Barmston<br
/><small>{{coord|54.01492|-0.22732|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Manor
Farmhouse, Barmston}}</small>
|[[File:Manor Farm, Barmston - geograph.org.uk - 1277605.jpg|100px|centre]]
|align="center"|1768
|The farmhouse is in pinkish-brown brick with [[dentil]]led [[eaves]] bands, and
a swept [[pantile]] roof with tumbled-in brickwork on the [[gable]] ends, and
lead-covered brick [[coping (architecture)|copings]]. There are two storeys,
three [[bay (architecture)|bays]], and a lean-to outshut on the left with a
[[hipped roof]]. The doorway has a reeded [[architrave]] with a hood, and the
windows are [[sash window|sashes]], those on the ground floor with wedge
[[lintel (architecture)|lintels]]. Between the floors is a
datestone.{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=274|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1346448|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|St Edmunds Chapel<br
/><small>{{coord|54.03832|-0.23915|region:GB_type:landmark|name= St Edmunds
Chapel, Fraisthorpe}}</small>
|[[File:St. Edmund's Church Fraisthorpe - geograph.org.uk -
1731200.jpg|100px|centre]]
|align="center"|1893
|The chapel was rebuilt incorporating some 13th-century material. It is built in
cobble and stone, with [[quoin (architecture)|quoins]], sprocketed [[eaves]],
and a tile roof with stone [[coping (architecture)|coped]] [[gable]]s and
crested ridged tiles. It consists of a four-[[bay (architecture)|bay]] [[nave]]
and [[chancel]] in one. On the west gable is a bracketed [[bellcote]] with a
[[molding (architecture)|moulded]] semicircular opening and a gabled top. On the
south front is a pointed doorway with moulded [[impost (architecture)|imposts]],
and the windows are [[chamfer]]ed [[lancet window|lancets]]. All the openings
have [[hood mould]]s and relieving
arches.{{sfnp|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=426|ps=none}}{{sfnp|Historic
England|1083849|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Pillbox BA10<br
/><small>{{coord|54.04775|-0.21658|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Pillbox
BA10}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|1917 (probable)
|The [[Pillbox (military)|pillbox]], to the east of Auburn Farm, is in
reinforced concrete, it has a rectangular plan and the roof is a flat concrete
slab. The entrance is in the west wall, and in the east wall are three gun
[[embrasure]]s.{{sfnp|Historic England|1442123|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Pillbox BA19<br
/><small>{{coord|54.04701|-0.21678|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Pillbox
BA19}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|1917 (probable)
|The [[Pillbox (military)|pillbox]], to the southeast of Auburn Farm, is in
reinforced concrete, it has a rectangular plan and the roof is a flat concrete
slab. There are entrances on the east and west sides, and in the north and south
walls are gun [[embrasure]]s.{{sfnp|Historic England|1445104|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Pillbox BA22<br
/><small>{{coord|54.04654|-0.21876|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Pillbox
BA22}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|1917 (probable)
|The [[Pillbox (military)|pillbox]], to the southwest of Auburn Farm, is in
reinforced concrete, and has a square plan. The entrance is in the west wall,
and the other walls each have one narrow splayed rifle
[[embrasure]].{{sfnp|Historic England|1445107|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Pillbox BA30a<br
/><small>{{coord|54.04352|-0.21622|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Pillbox
BA30a}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|1917 (probable)
|The [[Pillbox (military)|pillbox]], to the south of Auburn Farm, is in
reinforced concrete, and has a square plan. The doorway is in the northwest
wall, and in the southwest and southeast walls are narrow splayed rifle
[[embrasure]]s.{{sfnp|Historic England|1445110|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|Pillbox BA30b<br
/><small>{{coord|54.04348|-0.21626|region:GB_type:landmark|name= Pillbox
BA30b}}</small>
|{{centre|—}}
|align="center"|1917 (probable)
|The [[Pillbox (military)|pillbox]], to the south of Auburn Farm, is in
reinforced concrete, and has a square plan. The doorway is in the northwest
wall, and in the northeast and southeast walls are narrow splayed rifle
[[embrasure]]s.{{sfnp|Historic England|1445112|ps=none}}
|align="center" {{Grade II colour}}|{{sort|c|II}}
|-
|}
==References==
{{portal|Yorkshire}}
===Citations===
{{reflist|20em|refs=}}
===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{NHLE |num=1083851|desc=Church of All Saints, Barmston|access-date=26 April
2026|mode=cs2}}
*{{NHLE |num=1204832|desc=Old Hall, Barmston|access-date=27 April
2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1204849|desc=Barmston House, Barmston|access-date=26 April
2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1083850|desc=Manor Farmhouse, Barmston|access-date=26 April
2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1346429|desc=Pantiles Red Roofs, Barmston|access-date=27 April
2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1083810|desc=51, Sands Lane, Barmston|access-date=26 April
2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1204861|desc=Cattle Shed to Manor Farmhouse,
Barmston|access-date=26 April 2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1346448|desc=Manor Farmhouse, Barmston|access-date=26 April
2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1083849|desc=St Edmunds Chapel, Barmston|access-date=27 April
2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1442123|desc=First World War pillbox (BA10) east of Auburn Farm,
Barmston|access-date=26 April 2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1445104|desc=First World War pillbox (BA19) south east of Auburn
Farm, Barmston|access-date=26 April 2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1445107|desc=First World War pillbox (BA22) south west of Auburn
Farm, Barmston|access-date=26 April 2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1445110|desc=First World War pillbox (BA30a), south of Auburn Farm,
Barmston|access-date=26 April 2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{NHLE |num=1445112|desc=First World War pillbox (BA30b), south of Auburn Farm,
Barmston|access-date=26 April 2026|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}
*{{Citation |author=Historic England |title=Listed Buildings|date=21 July
2024|url=http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is-designation/listed-buildings/|access-date=26
April 2026}}
*{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |authorlink=Nikolaus Pevsner
|last2=Neave |first2=David |author2-link= |series=The Buildings of England
|title=Yorkshire: York and the East Riding |edition=2 |publisher=[[Yale
University Press]] |year=1995 |orig-date=1972 |location=New Haven and London
|isbn=978-0-300-09593-7}}
{{Refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barmston, East Riding of Yorkshire}}
[[Category:Lists of listed buildings in North Yorkshire]]
Question from SomeRandomGuy3523 (03:12, 8 March 2026): archived using
OneClickArchiver)
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 1,020: Line 1,020:
Hey there, im wondering if you could check on the article about the 43rd
Illinois Infantry Regiment, to see what i got wrong, cheers, SomeRandomGuy3523
--[[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] ([[User
talk:SomeRandomGuy3523|talk]]) 02:53, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
Hey there, im wondering if you could check on the article about the 43rd
Illinois Infantry Regiment, to see what i got wrong, cheers, SomeRandomGuy3523
--[[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] ([[User
talk:SomeRandomGuy3523|talk]]) 02:53, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
{{Clear}}
== Question from [[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] (03:12, 8 March
2026) ==
Another question, can you help check on the 67th Illinois Infantry Regiment?
incase i got something wrong, cheers.
--[[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] ([[User
talk:SomeRandomGuy3523|talk]]) 03:12, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
:All looks good to me! I'm by no means an expert in military history though, and
I don't know if what you're citing is a reliable source. Have you considered
signing up to [[WP:WikiProject Military history|WikiProject Military history]]?
It's one of the more active projects so it's likely to be able to give you
better advice than I can. [[User:lp0 on fire|<span
style="color:#c56030;background:inherit;">lp0 on fire</span>]] [[User
talk:lp0 on fire|<span style="color:#64cea0;background:inherit">()</span>]]
11:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
Drama
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 73: Line 73:
| [[Action drama]]
| [[Action drama]]
| February 11, 2024
| February 11, 2024
| {{sort|350|3 seasons, 50 episodes}}
| {{sort|351|3 seasons, 51 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43 min}}
| {{sort|43|43 min}}
| Season 3 ongoing<br>Renewed<ref name="Jan2026Renewals"/>
| Season 3 ongoing<br>Renewed<ref name="Jan2026Renewals"/>
Line 101: Line 101:
| [[Medical drama|Medical]] [[Mystery fiction|mystery]]
| [[Medical drama|Medical]] [[Mystery fiction|mystery]]
| January 26, 2025
| January 26, 2025
| {{sort|231|2 seasons, 31 episodes}}
| {{sort|232|2 seasons, 32 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43 min}}
| {{sort|43|43 min}}
| Final season ongoing<ref name="WatsonDMVCancellations">{{Cite
web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=March 27, 2026|title=''Watson'' & ''DMV''
Canceled By CBS, Series Finales Set; What Does That Mean For Net's Comedy
Pilots?|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/watson-dmv-canceled-cbs-series-finale-date-comedy-pilots-1236768077/|website=[[Deadline
Hollywood]]|access-date=March 27, 2026}}</ref>
| Final season ongoing<ref name="WatsonDMVCancellations">{{Cite
web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=March 27, 2026|title=''Watson'' & ''DMV''
Canceled By CBS, Series Finales Set; What Does That Mean For Net's Comedy
Pilots?|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/watson-dmv-canceled-cbs-series-finale-date-comedy-pilots-1236768077/|website=[[Deadline
Hollywood]]|access-date=March 27, 2026}}</ref>
Line 129: Line 129:
| [[Contemporary Western|Neo-Western]]
| [[Contemporary Western|Neo-Western]]
| March 1, 2026
| March 1, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|109|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43 min}}
| {{sort|43|43 min}}
| Season 1 ongoing<br>Renewed<ref>{{Cite
web|last=Porter|first=Rick|title=''Marshals'' Earns Fast Season 2 Renewal at
CBS|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/marshals-renewed-season-2-cbs-1236528903/|website=[[The
Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 12, 2026|access-date=March 12, 2026}}</ref>
| Season 1 ongoing<br>Renewed<ref>{{Cite
web|last=Porter|first=Rick|title=''Marshals'' Earns Fast Season 2 Renewal at
CBS|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/marshals-renewed-season-2-cbs-1236528903/|website=[[The
Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 12, 2026|access-date=March 12, 2026}}</ref>
I appreciate it: new section
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 196: Line 196:
:::Thanks for your time! I do tend to be a little less cautions when reverting
so maybe I'll stay my hand a bit more. And no pressure to do any more, of
course. [[User:Realtent|Realtent]] ([[User talk:Realtent|talk]]) 04:35, 27 April
2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks for your time! I do tend to be a little less cautions when reverting
so maybe I'll stay my hand a bit more. And no pressure to do any more, of
course. [[User:Realtent|Realtent]] ([[User talk:Realtent|talk]]) 04:35, 27 April
2026 (UTC)
::::I was assuming #1 was a misclick as I couldn't find any content "removal".
#4 makes sense, I assumed it would blow up just based on how the TA responded.
<i style="font-family:cursive,Serif;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px
#f008;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#fb0,#f0b);-webkit-background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:#0000">–
[[User:LuniZunie|LuniZunie]]</i><sub>([[User talk:LuniZunie|talk]])</sub> 11:09,
27 April 2026 (UTC)
::::I was assuming #1 was a misclick as I couldn't find any content "removal".
#4 makes sense, I assumed it would blow up just based on how the TA responded.
<i style="font-family:cursive,Serif;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px
#f008;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#fb0,#f0b);-webkit-background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:#0000">–
[[User:LuniZunie|LuniZunie]]</i><sub>([[User talk:LuniZunie|talk]])</sub> 11:09,
27 April 2026 (UTC)
== I appreciate it ==
Thanks for calling attention to the attempted vandalism of my user page while I
was away. I'm happy that others are able to pick up the slack in helping out
with vandalism to the user pages of those who can't quite make it on here in
time. Thank you. [[User:JeffSpaceman|JeffSpaceman]] ([[User
talk:JeffSpaceman|talk]]) 15:42, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
sp
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 2: Line 2:
{{Italic title|string=Star Wars}}
{{Italic title|string=Star Wars}}
[[File:Star Wars in Tunisia - Lars Homestead in Chott el Djerid (Cropped
2).png|thumb|upright=1.5| Lucas' intent when creating a universe for ''Star
Wars'' was to tell a story separate from Earth, both geographically and
temporally, set "a long time ago, in a galaxy far, far, away". [[Chott
el-Jerid]], Tunisia (pictured in 2010) was filmed for the setting of the planet
Tatooine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walter |first=Damien |date=2015-12-04
|title=Wookie books: the science fiction that inspired George Lucas's Star Wars
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2015/dec/04/sci-fi-books-inspired-star-wars-legend-george-lucas-force-awakens
|access-date=2025-05-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077
|quote=Star Wars made science fiction a cultural phenomenon, but the film’s
origins lie in other texts, and ancient myths conceived a long time ago, in
civilisations far, far away}}</ref>]]
[[File:Star Wars in Tunisia - Lars Homestead in Chott el Djerid (Cropped
2).png|thumb|upright=1.5| Lucas' intent when creating a universe for ''Star
Wars'' was to tell a story separate from Earth, both geographically and
temporally, set "a long time ago, in a galaxy far, far, away". [[Chott
el-Jerid]], Tunisia (pictured in 2010) was filmed for the setting of the planet
Tatooine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walter |first=Damien |date=2015-12-04
|title=Wookie books: the science fiction that inspired George Lucas's Star Wars
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2015/dec/04/sci-fi-books-inspired-star-wars-legend-george-lucas-force-awakens
|access-date=2025-05-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077
|quote=Star Wars made science fiction a cultural phenomenon, but the film’s
origins lie in other texts, and ancient myths conceived a long time ago, in
civilisations far, far away}}</ref>]]
The [[fictional universe]] of the [[Star Wars|''Star Wars'' franchise]]
primarily takes place in a central [[galaxy]] that serves as the principle
setting for its [[List of Star Wars films|films]], [[List of Star Wars
television series|television]], and [[Star Wars in other media|multimedia
installments]]. Originally established by [[George Lucas]] as a "[[Star Wars
opening crawl|galaxy far, far away]]", it [[List of Star Wars planets and
moons|comprises numerous]] fictitious [[planet]]s, [[Natural satellite|moons]],
[[star system]]s, and [[Extraterrestrial life|species]]. The galaxy is divided
into [[List of Star Wars planets and moons#Star Wars canon astrography|four
broad sub-region]]s: the Core Worlds, Mid Rim, Outer Rim, and Unknown Regions.
Notable planets include [[Coruscant]], an [[ecumenopolis]] in the Core that
functions as a political and cultural center, and [[Tatooine]], a [[desert
planet]] located in the Outer Rim. The universe initially encompassed a [[Shared
universe|shared collection of works]] recognized as [[Canon (fiction)|canon]] by
[[Lucasfilm]] as part of the official ''Star Wars'' storyline. Following the
franchise's aquisition by [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]], subsequent
[[Expanded universe|expanded material]] [[Star Wars in other media|in other
media]] was later rebranded as the [[Star Wars in other media#Legends fictional
timeline|''Legends'' universe]], declaring it [[Star Wars in other
media#Holocron database and canonicity|non-canonical]] to the official universe.
The [[fictional universe]] of the [[Star Wars|''Star Wars'' franchise]]
primarily takes place in a central [[galaxy]] that serves as the principal
setting for its [[List of Star Wars films|films]], [[List of Star Wars
television series|television]], and [[Star Wars in other media|multimedia
installments]]. Originally established by [[George Lucas]] as a "[[Star Wars
opening crawl|galaxy far, far away]]", it [[List of Star Wars planets and
moons|comprises numerous]] fictitious [[planet]]s, [[Natural satellite|moons]],
[[star system]]s, and [[Extraterrestrial life|species]]. The galaxy is divided
into [[List of Star Wars planets and moons#Star Wars canon astrography|four
broad sub-region]]s: the Core Worlds, Mid Rim, Outer Rim, and Unknown Regions.
Notable planets include [[Coruscant]], an [[ecumenopolis]] in the Core that
functions as a political and cultural center, and [[Tatooine]], a [[desert
planet]] located in the Outer Rim. The universe initially encompassed a [[Shared
universe|shared collection of works]] recognized as [[Canon (fiction)|canon]] by
[[Lucasfilm]] as part of the official ''Star Wars'' storyline. Following the
franchise's acquisition by [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]], subsequent
[[Expanded universe|expanded material]] [[Star Wars in other media|in other
media]] was later rebranded as the [[Star Wars in other media#Legends fictional
timeline|''Legends'' universe]], declaring it [[Star Wars in other
media#Holocron database and canonicity|non-canonical]] to the official universe.
Within this fictional body exists a variety of [[Fictional species|intelligent
species]], including humans, [[Twi'leks|Twi’leks]], [[Wookiee]]s, [[Rodian]]s,
and [[Hutt (Star Wars)|Hutts]], as well as several major governing bodies
throughout galactic history, such as the [[Galactic Republic]], [[Galactic
Empire (Star Wars)|Galactic Empire]], [[Rebel Alliance]], [[New Republic (Star
Wars)|New Republic]], and [[First Order (Star Wars)|First Order]]. Each of these
entities operates under differing political structures, ranging from democratic
institutions to [[totalitarian regimes]]. [[Interstellar travel]] is facilitated
by [[hyperspace]], allowing rapid movement between distant star systems. A
central [[Metaphysics|metaphysical]] concept in the ''Star Wars'' universe is
[[the Force]], an omnipresent [[Energy (esotericism)|energy field]] that
connects [[Life|all living things]]. The Force is divided into two principal
aspects: the [[Light Side]], traditionally followed by the [[Jedi Order]], and
the [[The Force#Depiction|Dark Side]], embraced by the [[Sith]]. The universe
also features a high level of technological advancement, including
[[starship]]s, [[Droid (Star Wars)|droids]], and [[List of Star Wars
weapons#Directed-energy weapons|energy-based weapons]] such as [[Blaster (Star
Wars)|blasters]] and [[lightsaber]]s. The timeline of in-universe events is
often measured in reference to the [[Battle of Yavin]], a pivotal conflict
depicted in the [[Star Wars (film)|original 1977 film]], serving as a
chronological anchor for subsequent developments in the franchise.
Within this fictional body exists a variety of [[Fictional species|intelligent
species]], including humans, [[Twi'leks|Twi’leks]], [[Wookiee]]s, [[Rodian]]s,
and [[Hutt (Star Wars)|Hutts]], as well as several major governing bodies
throughout galactic history, such as the [[Galactic Republic]], [[Galactic
Empire (Star Wars)|Galactic Empire]], [[Rebel Alliance]], [[New Republic (Star
Wars)|New Republic]], and [[First Order (Star Wars)|First Order]]. Each of these
entities operates under differing political structures, ranging from democratic
institutions to [[totalitarian regimes]]. [[Interstellar travel]] is facilitated
by [[hyperspace]], allowing rapid movement between distant star systems. A
central [[Metaphysics|metaphysical]] concept in the ''Star Wars'' universe is
[[the Force]], an omnipresent [[Energy (esotericism)|energy field]] that
connects [[Life|all living things]]. The Force is divided into two principal
aspects: the [[Light Side]], traditionally followed by the [[Jedi Order]], and
the [[The Force#Depiction|Dark Side]], embraced by the [[Sith]]. The universe
also features a high level of technological advancement, including
[[starship]]s, [[Droid (Star Wars)|droids]], and [[List of Star Wars
weapons#Directed-energy weapons|energy-based weapons]] such as [[Blaster (Star
Wars)|blasters]] and [[lightsaber]]s. The timeline of in-universe events is
often measured in reference to the [[Battle of Yavin]], a pivotal conflict
depicted in the [[Star Wars (film)|original 1977 film]], serving as a
chronological anchor for subsequent developments in the franchise.
aligned, replaced Eberbach pic with questionable arch in foreground, and The
Cloisters w heavy distorsion, other building dates not clear
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 6: Line 6:
A '''cloister''' ({{etymology|la|{{wikt-lang|la|claustrum}}|enclosure}}) is a
covered walk, open gallery, or open [[arcade (architecture)|arcade]] running
along the walls of buildings and forming a [[quadrangle
(architecture)|quadrangle]] or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a
[[cathedral]] or church, commonly against a warm southern
flank,{{sfn|Horn|1973|p=13}} usually indicates that it is (or once was) part of
a [[monastic]] foundation, "forming a continuous and solid architectural
barrier... that effectively separates the world of the [[monk]]s from that of
the [[serf]]s and workmen, whose lives and works went forward outside and around
the cloister."{{sfn|Horn|1973|p=13}}
A '''cloister''' ({{etymology|la|{{wikt-lang|la|claustrum}}|enclosure}}) is a
covered walk, open gallery, or open [[arcade (architecture)|arcade]] running
along the walls of buildings and forming a [[quadrangle
(architecture)|quadrangle]] or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a
[[cathedral]] or church, commonly against a warm southern
flank,{{sfn|Horn|1973|p=13}} usually indicates that it is (or once was) part of
a [[monastic]] foundation, "forming a continuous and solid architectural
barrier... that effectively separates the world of the [[monk]]s from that of
the [[serf]]s and workmen, whose lives and works went forward outside and around
the cloister."{{sfn|Horn|1973|p=13}}
Cloistered (or claustral) life is also another name for the monastic life of a
[[monk]] or [[nun]]. The English term ''enclosure'' is used in contemporary
[[Catholicism|Catholic]] church law translations<ref name="Code of Canon
Law">{{cite web |url=http://www.deacons.net/Canon_Law/cci.htm |title=The Code of
Canon Law, Canon 667 ff. English translation copyright 1983 The Canon Law
Society Trust |access-date=2006-06-17 |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619055307/http://www.deacons.net/Canon_Law/cci.htm
|archive-date=2006-06-19 }}</ref> to mean cloistered, and some form of the Latin
parent word "claustrum" is frequently used as a [[metonym]]ic name for
''[[monastery]]'' in languages such as German.<ref>Cf. German ''Kloster''.</ref>
[[Cloistered clergy]] refers to monastic orders that strictly separate
themselves from the affairs of the external world.
Cloistered (or claustral) life is also another name for the monastic life of a
monk or [[nun]]. The English term ''enclosure'' is used in contemporary
[[Catholicism|Catholic]] church law translations<ref name="Code of Canon
Law">{{cite web |url=http://www.deacons.net/Canon_Law/cci.htm |title=The Code of
Canon Law, Canon 667 ff. English translation copyright 1983 The Canon Law
Society Trust |access-date=2006-06-17 |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619055307/http://www.deacons.net/Canon_Law/cci.htm
|archive-date=2006-06-19 }}</ref> to mean cloistered, and some form of the Latin
parent word "claustrum" is frequently used as a [[metonym]]ic name for
''[[monastery]]'' in languages such as German.<ref>Cf. German ''Kloster''.</ref>
[[Cloistered clergy]] refers to monastic orders that strictly separate
themselves from the affairs of the external world.
==History of the cloister==
==History of the cloister==
[[File:The Cloisters at Gloucester Cathedral.jpg|300px|thumb|The Cloisters at
[[Gloucester Cathedral]], UK]]
[[File:The Cloisters at Gloucester Cathedral.jpg|300px|thumb|The Cloisters at
[[Gloucester Cathedral]], UK]]
⚫
The early medieval cloister had several antecedents: the [[peristyle]] court of
the Greco-Roman ''[[domus]]'', the [[atrium (architecture)|atrium]] and its
expanded version that served as forecourt to early Christian [[basilica]]s, and
certain semi-galleried courts attached to the flanks of early Syrian
churches.<ref>Horn 1973 gives these sources.</ref> [[Walter Horn]] suggests that
the earliest [[coenobite|coenobitic]] communities, which were established in
Egypt by [[Saint Pachomius]] {{circa | AD 320}}, did not result in cloister
construction, as there were no lay serfs attached to the community of monks, and
thus no need for separation within the walled
community.{{sfn|Horn|1973|pp=39–40}}
⚫
The early medieval cloister had several antecedents: the [[peristyle]] court of
the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ''[[domus]]'', the [[atrium (architecture)|atrium]]
and its expanded version that served as forecourt to early Christian
[[basilica]]s, and certain semi-galleried courts attached to the flanks of early
[[Syriac Christianity|Syrian]] churches.<ref>Horn 1973 gives these
sources.</ref> [[Walter Horn]] suggests that the earliest
[[coenobite|coenobitic]] communities, which were established in [[Coptic
history|Egypt]] by [[Saint Pachomius]] {{circa|320}}, did not result in cloister
construction, as there were no lay serfs attached to the community of monks, and
thus no need for separation within the walled
community.{{sfn|Horn|1973|pp=39–40}}
⚫
Horn finds the earliest prototypical cloisters in some exceptional<ref>The
normal Syrian monastery plan was an open one, Horn observes.</ref> late
fifth-century monastic churches in southern Syria, such as the Convent of Saints
[[Sergius and Bacchus]], at Umm-is-Surab (AD 489), and the [[colonnade]]d
forecourt of the convent of Id-Dêr,<ref>Horn 1973, plans, figs 9 and 10</ref>
but nothing similar appeared in the semi-eremitic Irish monasteries' clustered
[[roundhouse (dwelling)|roundhouse]]s nor in the earliest [[Benedictine
order|Benedictine collective communities]] of the
West.{{sfn|Horn|1973|pp=39–40}}
⚫
Horn finds the earliest prototypical cloisters in some exceptional<ref>The
normal Syrian monastery plan was an open one, Horn observes.</ref> late
fifth-century monastic churches in southern Syria, such as the Convent of Saints
[[Sergius and Bacchus]], at Umm-is-Surab (489), and the [[colonnade]]d forecourt
of the convent of Id-Dêr,<ref>Horn 1973, plans, figs 9 and 10.</ref> but nothing
similar appeared in the semi-eremitic Irish monasteries' clustered [[roundhouse
(dwelling)|roundhouse]]s nor in the earliest [[Benedictine order|Benedictine
collective communities]] of the West.{{sfn|Horn|1973|pp=39–40}}
In the time of [[Charlemagne]] ({{reign | 768 | 814}}) the requirements of a
separate monastic community within an extended and scattered [[manorialism
|manorial estate]] led to the development of a "monastery within a monastery" in
the form of the locked cloister, an architectural solution allowing the monks to
perform their sacred tasks apart from the distractions of laymen and
servants.<ref>Horn pp 40ff.</ref> Horn offers as early examples Abbot
Gundeland's [[abbey of Lorsch|"Altenmünster" of Lorsch abbey]] (765–774), as
revealed in the excavations by Frederich Behn.<ref>When Lorsch was rebuilt on a
neighboring site by Abbot Richbold (784–804) the cloister was made a perfect
square, against the south flank of the new church, precisely as in the plan of
the 8th-century [[Abbey of Saint Gall]] (Horn 1973:44, figs 43ab, 45).</ref>
Lorsch was adapted without substantial alteration from a Frankish nobleman's
[[Roman villa|''villa rustica'']], in a tradition unbroken from late Roman
times.<ref>When Lorsch was rebuilt on a neighboring site by Abbot Richbold
(784–804) the cloister was made a perfect square, against the south flank of the
new church, precisely as in the plan of the 8th-century [[Abbey of Saint Gall]]
(Horn 1973:44, figs 43ab, 45).</ref>
In the time of [[Charlemagne]] ({{reign |768|814}}) the requirements of a
separate monastic community within an extended and scattered [[manorialism
|manorial estate]] led to the development of a "monastery within a monastery" in
the form of the locked cloister, an architectural solution allowing the monks to
perform their sacred tasks apart from the distractions of laymen and
servants.<ref>Horn 1973, pp 40 ff.</ref> Horn offers as early examples Abbot
Gundeland's [[abbey of Lorsch|"Altenmünster" of Lorsch abbey]] (765–774), as
revealed in the excavations by Frederich Behn.<ref>When Lorsch was rebuilt on a
neighboring site by Abbot Richbold (784–804) the cloister was made a perfect
square, against the south flank of the new church, precisely as in the plan of
the 8th-century [[Abbey of Saint Gall]] (Horn 1973:44, figs 43ab, 45).</ref>
Lorsch was adapted without substantial alteration from a [[Franks|Frankish]]
nobleman's [[Roman villa|''villa rustica'']], in a tradition unbroken from late
Roman times.<ref>When Lorsch was rebuilt on a neighboring site by Abbot Richbold
(784–804) the cloister was made a perfect square, against the south flank of the
new church, precisely as in the plan of the 8th-century [[Abbey of Saint Gall]].
Horn 1973, p. 44, figs pp. 43ab, 45.</ref>
Another early cloister, in the [[abbey of Saint-Riquier]] (790–799), took a
triangular shape, with chapels at the corners, in conscious representation of
the [[Trinity]].<ref>Horn 1973:43 and fig 42ab.</ref> A square cloister sited
against the flank of the abbey church was built at [[Inden, North
Rhine-Westphalia |Inden]] (816) and the [[Abbey of Saint Wandrille |abbey of St.
Wandrille at Fontenelle]] (823–833). At [[Fulda monastery |Fulda]], a new
cloister (819) was sited to the liturgical west of the church "in the Roman
manner"<ref>''Vita Eigili'', the life of Abbot Eigil.</ref> familiar from the
forecourt of [[Old St. Peter's Basilica]] because it would be closer to the
relics. More recently, [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] commissioned the construction
of [[The Cloisters]] museum and gardens in medieval style in [[Manhattan]] in
1930–1938.
Another early cloister, in the [[abbey of Saint-Riquier]] (790–799), took a
triangular shape, with chapels at the corners, in conscious representation of
the [[Trinity]].<ref>Horn 1973, p. 43 and fig p. 42ab.</ref> A square cloister
sited against the flank of the abbey church was built at [[Inden, North
Rhine-Westphalia |Inden]] (816) and the [[Abbey of Saint Wandrille |abbey of St.
Wandrille at Fontenelle]] (823–833). At [[Fulda monastery |Fulda]], a new
cloister (819) was sited to the [[Liturgical east and west|liturgical west]] of
the church "in the Roman manner"<ref>''Vita Eigili'', the life of Abbot [[Eigil
of Fulda|Eigil]].</ref> familiar from the forecourt of [[Old St. Peter's
Basilica]] because it would be closer to the [[relic]]s. More recently, [[John
D. Rockefeller Jr.]] commissioned the construction of [[The Cloisters]] museum
and gardens in medieval style in [[Manhattan]] in 1930–1938.
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
⚫
File:The Cloisters from Garden.jpg|The Bonnefont [[Monastic garden|medieval
garden]] at [[The Cloisters]] in [[Manhattan]]
File:Claustro de Santo Domingo de Silos. Galería sur.jpg|The [[Romanesque
architecture|Romanesque]] cloister of [[Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos|Santo
Domingo de Silos]], Spain
File:Claustro de Santo Domingo de Silos. Galería sur.jpg|The [[Romanesque
architecture|Romanesque]] cloister of [[Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos|Santo
Domingo de Silos]], Spain
File:Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg|Cloister of [[Saint-Michel de
Grandmont Priory]] ([[Languedoc-Roussillon]], France)
File:Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg|Cloister of [[Saint-Michel de
Grandmont Priory]] (est. 1128), [[Languedoc-Roussillon]], France
File:Amalfi-Chiostro del paradiso.jpg|Chiostro del Paradiso, [[Amalfi
Cathedral]], Italy
File:Amalfi-Chiostro del paradiso.jpg|Chiostro del Paradiso, [[Amalfi
Cathedral]], Italy
File:Kreuzgang, Kloster Eberbach 20140903 1.jpg|Cloister of the former
Cistercian [[Eberbach Abbey]], Germany
File:Cloister, Kloster Eberbach 20140903 1.jpg|Cloister (12th/13th and 19th
century) of the former Cistercian [[Eberbach Abbey]], Germany
File:Utrecht Pandhof 9086.jpg|Cloister of the [[St. Martin's Cathedral,
Utrecht]], Netherlands
File:Utrecht Pandhof 9086.jpg|Cloister (1254–1500) of the [[St. Martin's
Cathedral, Utrecht]], Netherlands
File:Stanford University in 2025 03.jpg|Cloisters at [[Stanford University]],
[[Palo Alto]], United States
File:Stanford University in 2025 03.jpg|Cloisters at [[Stanford University]]
(est. 1885), [[Palo Alto]], United States
⚫
File:The Bonnefont Cloister garden, December 2018.jpg|The Bonnefont [[Monastic
garden|medieval garden]] at [[The Cloisters]] in [[Manhattan]] (1930–1938)
</gallery>
</gallery>
OneClickArchived "Question from SomeRandomGuy3523 (02:53, 8 March 2026)" to User
talk:Lp0 on fire/Archive 1
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 37: Line 37:
:{{Re|Akshit Tyagi-12}} Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! If your changes are
supported by [[WP:reliable sources|reliable sources]], you can make the change
and [[H:CITE|add the source as a citation]]. If by "they are just to look nice"
you're referring to [[WP:copy editing|copy editing]], then yes, that is
absolutely allowed! If you just want to experiment with editing, you can use the
[[WP:sandbox|sandbox]], or [[User:Akahit Tyagi-12/sandbox|create your personal
sandbox]] [[User:lp0 on fire|<span
style="color:#c56030;background:inherit;">lp0 on fire</span>]] [[User
talk:lp0 on fire|<span style="color:#64cea0;background:inherit">()</span>]]
18:27, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
:{{Re|Akshit Tyagi-12}} Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! If your changes are
supported by [[WP:reliable sources|reliable sources]], you can make the change
and [[H:CITE|add the source as a citation]]. If by "they are just to look nice"
you're referring to [[WP:copy editing|copy editing]], then yes, that is
absolutely allowed! If you just want to experiment with editing, you can use the
[[WP:sandbox|sandbox]], or [[User:Akahit Tyagi-12/sandbox|create your personal
sandbox]] [[User:lp0 on fire|<span
style="color:#c56030;background:inherit;">lp0 on fire</span>]] [[User
talk:lp0 on fire|<span style="color:#64cea0;background:inherit">()</span>]]
18:27, 6 March 2026 (UTC)
== Question from [[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] (02:53, 8 March
2026) ==
Hey there, im wondering if you could check on the article about the 43rd
Illinois Infantry Regiment, to see what i got wrong, cheers, SomeRandomGuy3523
--[[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] ([[User
talk:SomeRandomGuy3523|talk]]) 02:53, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
== Question from [[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] (03:12, 8 March
2026) ==
== Question from [[User:SomeRandomGuy3523|SomeRandomGuy3523]] (03:12, 8 March
2026) ==
VV: fix
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 1,267: Line 1,267:
| QF-seed6= | QF-team6=[[K.R.C. Harelbeke (2016 club)|Harelbeke]] | QF-score6=
| QF-seed6= | QF-team6=[[K.R.C. Harelbeke (2016 club)|Harelbeke]] | QF-score6=
| QF-details3=3 May 2025
| QF-details4=3 May 2025
| QF-seed3= | QF-team3=[[K. Londerzeel S.K.|Londerzeel]] | QF-score3=
| QF-seed3= | QF-team3=[[K. Londerzeel S.K.|Londerzeel]] | QF-score3=
| QF-seed4= | QF-team4=[[Royal Antwerp F.C.|Young Reds Antwerp]] | QF-score4=
| QF-seed4= | QF-team4=[[Royal Antwerp F.C.|Young Reds Antwerp]] | QF-score4=
← Previous revision Revision as of 15:42, 27 April 2026 Line 62: Line 62:
==Membership==
==Membership==
Users with free accounts had access to standard features, such as forum posting,
private messaging, user profiles with comments, photo uploading, a user blog and
an image gallery. Monthly paid subscriptions were offered at $5 to fee gain
access to extra features such as advanced user search, forum creation, increased
media gallery capacity and online file storage, and the removal of ads.
Users with free accounts had access to standard features, such as forum posting,
private messaging, user profiles with comments, photo uploading, a user blog and
an image gallery. Monthly paid subscriptions were offered at $5 to fee gain
access to extra features such as advanced user search, forum creation, increased
media gallery capacity and online file storage, and the removal of
ads.{{cn|date=April 2026}}
==References==
==References==